How the Ottoman Empire Lost Everything! скачать в хорошем качестве

How the Ottoman Empire Lost Everything!

From the early 1800s, the mighty Ottoman Empire began to crumble. In 1821, Greece rose up and won its independence — the first major crack. By 1830, France took Algeria, and one by one, Balkan nations like Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria broke away. The empire tried to modernize during the Tanzimat reforms, but ethnic tensions only grew stronger. Then came the Balkan Wars — by 1913, most of Europe was gone: Macedonia, Kosovo, Bosnia — all lost. Libya fell to Italy, while Egypt and Tunisia slipped away under European control. During World War One, the Ottomans fought on the losing side, and the Arab Revolt shattered their rule in the Middle East. By 1920, the empire was carved up under the Treaty of Sèvres. But Atatürk led a revolution — and by 1923, the Republic of Turkey was born. In 1924, the caliphate was abolished — marking the true end of the Ottoman Empire. 📚 Sources & References • Britannica — War of Greek Independence (1821–32) • Britannica — Decline of the Ottoman Empire: The struggle to modernize • Britannica — Balkan Wars (1912–13) • Britannica — Italo-Turkish War (1911–12) • Britannica — Treaty of Sèvres (1920) • Wikipedia — Abolition of the Caliphate (1924) • Britannica — Treaty of Lausanne (1923) #usa #history #geography #uk