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Mischief and I discuss the importance of grain direction for bookbinding materials, and how to check the grain of paper and book cloth. To find the grain direction of your paper, bounce it slightly in both directions. The direction with less resistance is the direction of the grain. Because of the way paper is made, fibers align parallel together creating a directional grain. Paper is easier to fold with the grain, than against it. Moisture causes paper to expand and curl to its grain direction. Grain running parallel to the long side is called "grain long". If it is parallel to the short side, it is called "grain short". Bookcloth also has grain similar to paper and book board. For a quick cheat, its grain direction runs parallel to the selvage edge (unfinished edge) of the cloth. Knowing grain direction is important for folding crisp lines and since moisture causes materials to expand, all the materials in your book should have the same grain direction. If you glue together materials with opposite grain directions, they will expand and contract in different directions, causing wonky warped books.