The Origins of The CELTS - A Deep Dive Into CELTIC Ethnogenesis скачать в хорошем качестве

The Origins of The CELTS - A Deep Dive Into CELTIC Ethnogenesis

Please support my work on YouTube by getting a Metatron pedantic plushie! Love ya! https://www.makeship.com/products/met... Links to the previous episodes Greeks    • The Origins of The GREEKS - A Deep Dive In...   Macedonians    • Were The Macedonians GREEK? - A Deep Dive ...   Romans    • The Origins of The ANCIENT ROMANS - Who We...   The origins and ethnogenesis of the Celts remain a subject of interdisciplinary debate, combining archaeology, linguistics, classical sources, and, more recently, genetics. The term “Celtic” is primarily linguistic, referring to the family of Indo-European languages that includes Gaulish, Celtiberian, and the Insular branches (Goidelic and Brittonic). However, ancient writers like Herodotus, Diodorus, and Caesar also applied the name “Celtae” or “Keltoí” to certain Iron Age peoples of Europe. The dominant model links the Celts to the cultural sequence from the Late Bronze Age Urnfield tradition (c. 1300–800 BC ) through the Hallstatt culture (c. 800–450 BC ) of central Europe—particularly Austria, southern Germany, and eastern France—and the subsequent La Tène culture (c. 450 BC –50 BC ), which expanded widely across Europe. Linguistically, Proto-Celtic likely emerged during the late second or early first millennium BC , sharing innovations with Italic languages, and is attested by inscriptions from the 6th century BC (e.g., Lepontic). Archaeological evidence shows the Celts were not a single unified people but a mosaic of tribal societies connected by related languages, art styles (notably La Tène’s curvilinear motifs), warrior aristocracies, and religious practices overseen by druids. Ancient authors often described them as tall, fair-haired, and warlike, although such accounts are colored by stereotypes. Genetic studies reveal that the populations of so-called Celtic Europe had absorbed Steppe ancestry during the 3rd millennium BC , long before the Iron Age, with later cultural and linguistic shifts occurring without major population replacement. The ethnogenesis of the Celts, therefore, is best understood as the gradual coalescence of Indo-European-speaking communities in temperate Europe, shaped by shared material culture, networks of trade and warfare, and evolving linguistic identities, rather than the sudden emergence of a single homogenous ethnic group. “Celtic” can be used in (at least) three different ways—often conflated: Linguistic: Peoples speaking Indo‑European Celtic languages (Gaulish, Celtiberian, Lepontic, Insular Celtic—Goidelic and Brythonic, etc.). Archaeological/cultural: Groups associated with the Hallstatt (c. 800–450 BC) and La Tène (c. 450–50 BC) material cultures of Iron Age temperate Europe. Ethnonymic/historical: Peoples whom Greek and Roman authors called Keltoí / Celtae / Galli (mostly transalpine Gaul, parts of Iberia, northern Italy, etc.). All the good links: Come watch me live stream on Twitch! Almost every night 9pm CST   / metatrongemini   Join this channel to get access to more old school Metatron videos the algorithm wouldn't prioritize!    / @metatronyt   I have a Patreon page with extra content!   / themetatron   My second channel about languages    / @metatronacademy   My third channel about gaming    / @theprotectorate-yq7vi   My Twitter/X https://x.com/pureMetatron #celtichistory #celts #ancienthistory