The structure of RNA polymerase I: A 50 year mystery solved! скачать в хорошем качестве

The structure of RNA polymerase I: A 50 year mystery solved!

OTHER VIDEOS YOU MIGHT LIKE: • Cracking the final code: eRF1’s mission in stop codon recognition -    • Cracking the final code: eRF1’s mission in...   • X-rays in action: Unveiling genetic mutation by ionising radiation -    • X-rays in action: Unveiling genetic mutati...   • The past, present and future of molecular phylogenetics -    • The past, present and future of molecular ...   Scientific advancements, especially in genetics, are often overlooked due to their rapid succession. One such discovery is the structure of RNA polymerase I, a mystery that puzzled geneticists for over half a century. RNA polymerase I plays a crucial role in cell growth and division by facilitating the synthesis of ribosomal RNA, which is critical for the structure and function of ribosomes. Attempts were made in 1991 and 1993, but a detailed 3D model was needed for a comprehensive understanding. This was achieved in 2013 by Engel and his team, who succeeded in creating crystals of RNA polymerase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the brewer’s yeast. Their atomic model revealed a complex dimer structure with over 8000 amino acid residues and a 10 subunit core surrounded by more subcomplexes. The structure enabled them to understand key behaviours of the enzyme complex, including how the enzyme could efficiently terminate transcription, and how dimerization played a role in regulation of RNA polymerase I activity by blocking the binding of initiation factors. So why is it important that the structure of RNA polymerase I has been solved? Today, research on RNA polymerase I shows promise for cancer therapy as ribosomal RNA plays a role in the progression of cancer, and cryo-electron microscopy is giving researchers the tools to solve the precise control of transcription and protein synthesis that we hope to one day harness ourselves. Creator: Diego Madronio References: RNA polymerase I structure and transcription regulation. Engel C, Sainsbury S, Cheung AC, Kostrewa D, Cramer P. Nature. 2013 Oct 31;502(7473):650-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12712. Rosalind Franklin and the advent of Molecular Biology. Cramer P. Cell. 2020 Aug 20;182(4):787-789. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.028. Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Watson J, Crick F. Nature. 1953 Apr 25;248(5451):765. doi: 10.1038/248765a0. A mammalian system for the incorporation of cytidine triphosphate into ribonucleic acid Weiss S, Gladstone L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959 Aug 1; 81, 15, 4118–4119. doi: 10.1021/ja01524a087 The discovery of RNA polymerase. Hurwitz, J. Reflections. 2005 Dec 1; 280, 52, 42477-42485. doi: 10.1074/jbc.X500006200 Multiple forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in eukaryotic organisms. Roeder R, Rutter W. Nature. 1969 Oct 18; 224, 234–237. doi: 10.1038/224234a0 Three-dimensional model of yeast RNA polymerase I determined by electron microscopy of two-dimensional crystals. Schultz, P., Celia, H., Riva, M., Sentenac, A. & Oudet, P. EMBO J. 1993 Jul; 12, 2601–2607 (1993). 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05920.x The RNA polymerase I transcription machinery: an emerging target for the treatment of cancer. Drygin D, Rice W, Grummt I. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010; 50, 131-56. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105844 Cryo-EM structures of human RNA polymerase I. Misiaszek AD, Girbig M, Grötsch H, Baudin F, Murciano B, Lafita A, Müller CW. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2021 Dec;28(12):997-1008. doi: 10.1038/s41594-021-00693-4.