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Understanding the Choice of 120 Ohms as the CAN Bus Terminating Resistor

Explore the rationale behind the selection of a 120-ohm resistor for CAN bus termination and its significance in ensuring reliable communication in automotive and industrial networks. --- Disclaimer/Disclosure: Some of the content was synthetically produced using various Generative AI (artificial intelligence) tools; so, there may be inaccuracies or misleading information present in the video. Please consider this before relying on the content to make any decisions or take any actions etc. If you still have any concerns, please feel free to write them in a comment. Thank you. --- The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a widely used communication protocol in various industries, particularly in automotive systems. One key aspect contributing to the success of CAN bus is its robustness and reliability, achieved in part through the use of terminating resistors. CAN Bus Overview CAN bus is a multi-master, serial communication protocol that allows various electronic control units (ECUs) in a network to communicate with each other. It is known for its high data transfer rates, noise immunity, and suitability for real-time applications. To maintain signal integrity and prevent reflections on the bus, terminating resistors are employed at each end. Role of Terminating Resistors Terminating resistors play a crucial role in preventing signal reflections that can lead to communication errors. Reflections occur when the electrical signals encounter impedance mismatches in the transmission line. The terminating resistors ensure that the signals are properly terminated, minimizing the chances of reflections and enhancing signal quality. Why 120 Ohms? The choice of 120 ohms as the standard value for terminating resistors in a CAN bus network is not arbitrary; it is based on electrical considerations and industry standards. The 120-ohm value provides a good compromise between signal integrity and power consumption. Matching Impedance: The characteristic impedance of the transmission line is a key factor in preventing signal reflections. A terminating resistor equal to the characteristic impedance helps match the impedance and minimize reflections. Standardization: The use of a standardized value simplifies the design and implementation of CAN bus systems. It ensures compatibility between different components and devices across various manufacturers. Power Considerations: While lower resistor values might provide better signal integrity, they would also increase power consumption. Higher values, on the other hand, might lead to insufficient termination. 120 ohms strikes a balance that meets both criteria effectively. Conclusion The choice of a 120-ohm resistor for CAN bus termination is a result of careful consideration of electrical characteristics, standardization, and power efficiency. This standardized value has become a cornerstone in the design and implementation of reliable communication networks, particularly in the automotive and industrial sectors where CAN bus is prevalent. Understanding the importance of terminating resistors and their optimal values contributes to the successful deployment of CAN bus technology, ensuring efficient and error-free communication among electronic control units.