Kennedy Rare-Earth-Elements (REE) Briefing to IAEA, United Nations скачать в хорошем качестве

Kennedy Rare-Earth-Elements (REE) Briefing to IAEA, United Nations

On June 27th James Kennedy presented to the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency at the IAEA world headquarters in Vienna. The technical paper is titled: "Creating a Multi-National Development Platform: Thorium Energy & Rare Earth Value Chain" written by John Kutsch and James Kennedy. The paper discusses recent U.S. Federal legislation that offers a private sector solution to the economic and national security issues resulting from China's monopoly control of rare earths. This legislation also provides a private sector solution for the long term safe storage of Thorium and the commercial development of Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Regarding Rare earths, the paper and presentation also answer the question: Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed? Mr. Kennedy demonstrates that China's production and market advantage in rare earth minerals is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "Source Material" regulations with unintended consequences. Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues. NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China. Domestic Rare Earth Element resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material". Mr. Kennedy also outlines recent U.S. Federal legislation that would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation (Thorium Bank). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products (H.R. 4883, S. 2006) https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill... This was also crafted to address the U.S. Weapons Systems 100% Dependent on China for Rare Earths. http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/down... Federal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry. http://ThREEConsulting.com/ http://www.iaea.org/ http://ThoriumRemix.com/ [v14]