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Aortic valve replacement

The heart is a contracting muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. The heart has four valves that direct the flow of blood. Two valves control the flow of blood from the upper chambers (atria) to the lower chambers (ventricles). The other two valves control the flow of blood from the ventricles to the lungs and to the rest of the body. During a normal heartbeat, the left ventricle pumps oxygen-enriched blood through the aortic valve for distribution throughout the body. A normal aortic valve has three flaps that open wide to allow blood to move during ventricular contraction, and then close securely to prevent blood from flowing backwards during ventricular relaxation. Aortic stenosis is a condition where the aortic valve becomes narrow, inelastic, or thickened. This significantly blocks the flow of blood coming from the ventricle. Aortic valve insufficiency is a condition that occurs when the aortic valve weakens and does not close completely, thereby causing blood to flow backward into the left ventricle. With both conditions, the heart has to work harder to pump the same volume of oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. This can lead to heart failure. When valves do not work properly, they must be surgically repaired or replaced. When a valve is replaced, either an artificial (mechanical) valve or a valve made from biological tissue can be used. Mechanical valves are very durable and last longer than biological valves. However, patients with mechanical valves must take anticoagulants for the rest of their lives to prevent blood clots from forming. In some cases, minimally invasive surgery may be performed. The doctor may decide to approach the heart through the ribs or a small incision in the upper chest. This reduces tissue damage and recovery time. During traditional surgery to replace a valve with an artificial valve, an incision to access the heart is made in the chest. The heart is stopped and an artificial circulatory machine takes over the work of the heart and lungs. Next, an incision is made in the lower aorta to expose the aortic valve. The damaged aortic valve is removed and replaced with an artificial valve. After the heartbeat is restored, the valve is tested to make sure it is working properly. There are several potential complications associated with this procedure that should be discussed with your doctor before surgery. This surgery is often done to replace an aortic or mitral valve, but your doctor can replace any heart valve. It is recommended that you consult your doctor so that he or she can determine the most appropriate form of treatment for you.