从洪堡到哈佛，学术自由兴衰史 | 没有国际学生，美国大学还能伟大？｜Tenure制度因何存在？｜What Makes American Universities Great？ скачать в хорошем качестве

从洪堡到哈佛，学术自由兴衰史 | 没有国际学生，美国大学还能伟大？｜Tenure制度因何存在？｜What Makes American Universities Great？

哈佛宣布起诉联邦政府后两周，校长第一次接受采访，他说话的样子只有凝重和悲壮，并说哈佛的应战是因为“没有选择”了。 这让我好奇为什么学术自由这件事，对于哈佛是如此的不可妥协。以前我们容易把学术自由当成抽象的漂亮话，但真的进入历史，才逐渐看到。从两百多年前提出学术自由概念的洪堡大学，到数以万计留德归美的大学栋梁，到终生教职制度的建立，政治从未停止对大学的干预和恐吓。原来学术自由既不抽象，也非天赐。它在不断被绞杀的过程中，进入制度和法律，也融入了现代大学的灵魂深处。 我们来美留学，很多人留在学术圈打拼，但大部分人都不知道Tenure 是怎么来的，美国的大学又是如何从地方学院，变成了吸引我们来到这里的高等教育圣地。而就在今天，联邦政府又取消了哈佛招收国际学生的资格。 如果不知道发生过什么，人会对历史的重演没有察觉。所以我做了这期节目，也希望你们可以分享给更多人，订阅频道。 章节： 0:00-3:50 大学的身份认知，学术自由为何不可妥协？ 3:51-6:53 现代大学源于洪堡模式，及其创造的德国学术巅峰 6:54-9:16 德国模式如何来到美国 09:17-10:36 现代大学在美国的开端，学术自由的理念建立 10:37-13:45 斯坦福风波，AAUP创立，美国学术自由的诞生，Tenure制度的建立 13:46-16:00 麦卡锡主义的红色恐怖，让人惊恐的历史隐线 16:00-17:08 学术自由在左右夹击下全面衰退 17:08-20:55 历史重演，1933年的德国，当今的美国 参考资料 Kirby, W. C. (2022). Empires of ideas: Creating the modern university from Germany to America to China. In Empires of Ideas. Harvard University Press. Levine, E. J. (2021). Allies and rivals: German-American exchange and the rise of the modern research university. In Allies and Rivals. University of Chicago Press. Reichman, H. (2025). Understanding academic freedom. JHU Press. Risen, C (2055), Red Scare: Blacklists, McCarthyism and the Making of Modern America. Scribner. Kinzelbach, K., Lindberg, S. I., & Lott, L. (2024). Academic Freedom Index 2024 Update. Katrin Kinzelbach, Staffan I. Lindberg, Lars Lott. Darian-Smith, E. (2025). Policing Higher Education. Johns Hopkins University Press. 本期需要感谢小儿献声～ Two weeks after Harvard announced its lawsuit against the federal government, the university’s president appeared on camera for the first time. His tone was somber, almost mournful. He said Harvard was taking this stand because “we have no choice.” That made me wonder—why is academic freedom so non-negotiable for Harvard? We often think of academic freedom as an abstract or idealistic phrase. But when you start looking into its history, it becomes clear: from Humboldt’s university over two hundred years ago, to tens of thousands of American scholars who studied in Germany, to the creation of the tenure system—academic freedom has always been under political pressure. It is not abstract, and certainly not a given. It was born in resistance, shaped by struggle, and eventually written into the law and the soul of the modern university. Many of us came to the U.S. for higher education. Some of us stayed in academia. But few of us ever asked: Where did tenure come from? How did American universities evolve from small local colleges into global centers of learning that drew us here in the first place? And now, the federal government has revoked Harvard’s ability to admit international students. When we don’t know what has happened before, we fail to notice when history repeats itself. That’s why I made this video. If you find it valuable, I hope you’ll share it with others—and subscribe to the channel.