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Common Frangipani Tree (Plumeria rubra)

Temple Flower, White Frangipani (common name Araliya) is a small genus of 7-8 species that grow in tropical and subtropical Americas. The genus consists of mainly deciduous shrubs and trees. P. rubra (Common Frangipani, Red Frangipani), that grows in Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela, produces flowers ranging from white, yellow to pink. From Mexico and Central America, Plumeria has spread to all tropical areas of the world, especially Hawaii, where it grows so abundantly that many people think that it is native there. Most people in this country can identify an Araliya tree no matter how little they know about trees. With its gnarled branches, long leaves and distinctive flowers, it is easily one of the most common and identifiable trees in Sri Lanka. Plumeria is related to the Oleander, Nerium Oleander, and both possess poisonous, milky sap, rather similar to that of Euphorbia. Plumeria (/pluːˈmɛriə/) is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species variously are indigenous to Mexico, Polynesia, Central America, and the Caribbean, and as far south as Brazil, but are grown as cosmopolitan ornamentals in warm regions. Common names for plants in the genus vary widely according to region, variety, and whim, but frangipani or variations on that theme are the most common. Plumeria also is used directly as a common name, especially in horticultural circles. The bark is grey and scaly. The branches have a swollen appearance and thicken towards the ends. A cut made on any part of the tree will exude a milky, sticky sap. The leaves are smooth and shiny, upto one foot long with well defined veins. They appear at the ends of the branches. The flowers which appear in clusters, again at the end of the branches, are scented. The petals are waxy and the centre of the flower is usually a different colour to the rest of it. For example the white flowers generally have a yellow centre. There are many varieties ranging from deep crimson to orange to white. The flowering season is from March to May but throughout the year the tree usually produces flowers. The Temple tree is so called because the scented flowers are used as temple offerings and often the tree is planted near temples. In India the tree is a symbol of immortality because of its habit of producing leaves and flowers even after it has been lifted out of the soil. And so it is often planted near temples and graveyards, “where daily the fresh creamy blooms fall upon the tombs” (D.V. Cowen, Flowering Trees and Shrubs in India). The tree has no timber or fuelwood uses. However it is used for many other purposes in India, if not in Sri Lanka.The milky sap seeping out of any crack on the tree is used as a counter irritant for rheumatism and together with sandalwood oil and camphor is a cure for itching. The bark too has medicinal properties and is used to relieve fever, heal sores and as a purgative. Heated leaves are used to relieve swellings. The scientific name is Plumeria obtusa which it gets from the 17th century French botanist Charles Plumier. It is commonly referred to as the Frangipani after the famous fragrance created by Muzio Frangipani. In Sinhala it is known as the Araliya and in Tamil as the Arali or Perungalli. The Temple tree originated in tropical America and it is not certain whether it was introduced in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese or much earlier. The ladies depicted in the Sigiriya frescoes appear to be carrying flowers very similar to those of the Araliya. If they are in fact meant to be Araliya flowers then the tree would have been introduced 1500 or more years ago. Today however it is so common that it can be seen in gardens, parks and along roadsides in Colombo and in the rural areas and has come to be regarded as an indigenous tree by some. Ayurvedic usage: Treatment for- Bacterial infections Viral Infections Fungal Infections PARTS USED IN TREATMENT: Leaves Flowers Resin RELATED MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: Purgative Abortifacient Emmenagogic Febrifuge Hypoglycaemic Anti-spasmodic Cytotoxic Is Believed To Have Come From The 16th Century Italian Marquis Muzio Frangipani, Who First Invented Frangipani Perfume To Scent Gloves. Later On, The Scent Of Plumeria Is Said To Have Reminded People Of This Fragrance.