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Why Pyramid Chambers Don't Add Up

The chambers inside Old Kingdom pyramids mysteriously alter their appearance and location dramatically during the 4th dynasty. This evolution is often attributed to nebulous spiritual guidelines or the whimsy of each ruling pharaoh. Egyptological scholarship has attempted to explain that the number of chambers within a pyramid is the guiding standard for their design, and that this requirement was paramount for many hundreds of years. But does the math really add up for Egyptology, and how far can a standard be bent before it is truly broken? This video examines the common features among chambers that span the entire Old Kingdom of Egypt, and works to better explain their commonalities, differences, and likely functionalities. -------------------- Join this channel to get access to livestreams:    / @historyforgranite   -------------------- Thanks to the Isida Project for photos: https://isida-project.ucoz.com/ Thanks to Keith Hamilton for his Bent Pyramid guides and graphics: https://keithhamilton.academia.edu/re... Thanks to Charles Rigano for the photo of Khafre's lower chamber Quotations Sources: Rainer Stadelmann "Das Dreikammersystem der Königsgräber der Frühzeit und des Alten Reiches" MDAIK 47, 1991, p. 379 Mark Lehner & Zahi Hawass “Giza and the Pyramids: The Definitive History” University of Chicago Press, 2017 p. 163 Graphics Sources: Miroslav Verner “The Pyramids (New and Revised)" AUC Press Cairo 2020 John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part III.” London, 1842 V Maragioglio & C Rinaldi "L'Architettura Delle Piramidi Menfite" Parte VI Tavole, 1967 Giovanni Belzoni & A.Aglio "Great Chamber in the Second Pyramid of Ghizeh" 1820, London Audran Labrousse "L'architecture des pyramides à textes" Institut Francais D'archeologie Oriental, 1996 Rehab Elsharnouby "An Analytical Study of Breaking Red Pots Scenes in Private Tombs" Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 2018 Keith Hamilton "Djoser’s Step Pyramid Complex-Part I" Academia.edu 2024 Gilles Dormion “La chambre de Cheops” Librairie Artheme Fayard, 2004 Ahmed Fakhry “The Pyramids” University of Chicago Press (1961) Franck Monnier "Vue axonométrique des appartements funéraires de Khéphren à Gizeh" https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Julia Budka "A “killed” vessel and more human bodies in tomb 26" 2016 https://acrossborders.oeaw.ac.at/tag/... Harvard Digital Giza Archive: http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/ Elsayed Shoura "Abusir Project" 2023 00:00 Introduction 01:32 Three Chamber Scholarship 03:55 Third Dynasty Counting 05:58 Fourth Dynasty Counting 10:38 Vestibule Chambers 14:48 Magazine Chambers 16:36 Sarcophagus Chambers 17:40 Center Chambers 20:07 Open Chambers