Khorasan Ep 01 | Who Was Abu Muslim Khurasani? The Man Behind the Abbasid Revolution | Tareekh скачать в хорошем качестве

Khorasan Ep 01 | Who Was Abu Muslim Khurasani? The Man Behind the Abbasid Revolution | Tareekh

Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khurasani (Arabic: أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني; Persian: ابومسلم عبدالرحمان بن مسلم خراسانی; born 718/19 or 723/27, died 755) was a Persian general who led the Abbasid Revolution that toppled the Umayyad dynasty, leading to the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate. Abu Muslim Khurasani, also known as Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khurasani, was a Persian general who played a crucial role in the Abbasid Revolution. He led the movement that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and established the Abbasid Caliphate in 750. Born around 718/19 or 723/27 in Merv or Isfahan, Abu Muslim was initially a slave and saddler in Kufa. He later became involved with Shia Muslims and Abbasid agents. In 747, he started an open revolt against Umayyad rule in Khorasan, quickly gaining control over the region. His efforts culminated in the defeat of the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II, in 750. Despite his significant contributions, Abu Muslim's rising influence made him a target. The second Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur, ordered his execution in 755 on charges of heresy. After establishing the Abbasid regime, Abu Muslim continued to serve as the governor of Khurasan. In this role, he effectively suppressed the Shi'a uprising led by Sharik ibn Shaikh al-Mahri in Bukhara in 750/1 and furthered the Muslim conquest of Central Asia by sending Abu Da'ud Khalid ibn Ibrahim to campaign in the east. His remarkable contributions to the revolution, military prowess, and inclusive policies towards Shia, Sunnis, Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians made him immensely popular among the populace. While Abu al-'Abbas al-Saffah generally trusted Abu Muslim, he remained cautious of his power, limiting his entourage to 500 men during his journey to Iraq for Hajj in 754. Al-Saffah's brother, al-Mansur, who later became the caliph (r. 754–775), repeatedly advised al-Saffah to eliminate Abu Muslim, fearing his growing influence and popularity. This animosity was mutual, as Abu Muslim aspired for more power and felt al-Mansur owed him for his position. When al-Mansur's uncle, Abdullah ibn Ali, rebelled, al-Mansur requested Abu Muslim to crush the rebellion. Abu Muslim successfully subdued the uprising and handed Abdullah over as a prisoner, who was subsequently executed. The relationship between Abu Muslim and al-Mansur quickly deteriorated. Al-Mansur sent his chamberlain, Abu-al Khasib, to inventory the spoils of war and then appointed Abu Muslim as the governor of Syria and Egypt, areas outside his powerbase. An increasingly acrimonious correspondence ensued between the two. Initially fearing for his life, Abu Muslim eventually decided to appear before the caliph due to a combination of perceived disobedience, al-Mansur's promise to retain him as governor of Khurasan, and assurances from close aides, some of whom were bribed by al-Mansur. In 755, Abu Muslim went to Iraq to meet al-Mansur in al-Mada'in. Al-Mansur enumerated his grievances against Abu Muslim, who kept reminding the caliph of his efforts to enthrone him. Accusations of heresy (zindiq) were also brought against Abu Muslim. Al-Mansur then signaled five of his guards to kill him. Abu Muslim's mutilated body was thrown into the river Tigris, and his commanders were bribed to acquiesce to the murder. Abu Muslim's revolt was highly significant for several reasons: 1. **End of Umayyad Rule**: His successful uprising led to the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate, which had been in power since 661. This marked the end of an era and the beginning of the Abbasid dynasty. 2. **Establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate**: The Abbasid Caliphate, which replaced the Umayyad dynasty, was more inclusive and adopted policies that were more favorable to non-Arab Muslims. This shift helped to integrate various ethnic and religious groups into the Islamic empire. 3. **Cultural and Administrative Reforms**: The Abbasid period is often considered the Golden Age of Islam, marked by significant advancements in science, culture, and administration. The Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad, which became a center of learning and culture. 4. **Social and Political Changes**: Abu Muslim's revolt also highlighted the deep social divisions within the Umayyad Caliphate and the widespread discontent among non-Arab Muslims. His ability to unite various groups under the Abbasid banner demonstrated the potential for a more inclusive and unified Islamic state. 5. **Legacy of Abu Muslim**: Despite his eventual execution by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur, Abu Muslim's legacy lived on. He is remembered as a key figure in the transition from Umayyad to Abbasid rule and as a symbol of resistance against oppressive regimes. #AbuMuslimKhurasani #Khorasan #abumuslim #Abbasidrevolution #abbasidcaliphate #abbasid