拾步 科孚島 Corfu 2 郭端/攝影 скачать в хорошем качестве

拾步 科孚島 Corfu 2 郭端/攝影

[email protected] Corfu (/kɔːrˈfuː, -fjuː/; Greek: Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra [ˈcercira]; Ancient Greek: Κέρκυρα or Κόρκυρα; Latin: Corcyra; Italian: Corfù) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the northwesternmost part of Greece. The island is part of the Corfu regional unit, and is administered as a single municipality, which also includes the smaller islands of Ereikoussa, Mathraki and Othonoi. The municipality has an area of 610.936 km2, the island proper 592.877 km2. The principal city of the island and seat of the municipality (pop. 32,095) is also named Corfu. Corfu is home to the Ionian University. The island is bound up with the history of Greece from the beginnings of Greek mythology. Its history is full of battles and conquests. Castles punctuating strategic locations across the island are a legacy of these struggles. Two of these castles enclose its capital, which is the only city in Greece to be surrounded in such a way. As a result, Corfu's capital has been officially declared a Kastropolis ("castle city") by the Greek government. From medieval times and into the 17th century, the island, having successfully repulsed the Ottomans during several sieges, was recognised as a bulwark of the European States against the Ottoman Empire and became one of the most fortified places in Europe. The fortifications of the island were used by the Venetians to defend against Ottoman intrusion into the Adriatic. Corfu eventually fell under British rule following the Napoleonic Wars. Corfu was eventually ceded by the British Empire along with the remaining islands of the United States of the Ionian Islands, and unification with modern Greece was concluded in 1864 under the Treaty of London. In 2007, the city's old quarter was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List, following a recommendation by ICOMOS. Corfu is a very popular tourist destination. The island was the location of the 1994 European Union summit. The Greek name, Kerkyra or Korkyra, is related to two powerful water deities: Poseidon, god of the sea, and Asopos, an important Greek mainland river. According to myth, Poseidon fell in love with the beautiful nymph Korkyra, daughter of Asopos and river nymph Metope, and abducted her. Poseidon brought Korkyra to the hitherto unnamed island and, in marital bliss, offered her name to the place: Korkyra, which gradually evolved to Kerkyra (Doric). They had a child they called Phaiax, after whom the inhabitants of the island were named Phaiakes, in Latin Phaeaciani. Corfu's nickname is the island of the Phaeacians. The name Corfù, an Italian version of the Byzantine Κορυφώ (Koryphō), meaning "city of the peaks", derives from the Byzantine Greek Κορυφαί (Koryphai) (crests or peaks), denoting the two peaks of Palaio Frourio. 克基拉島（希臘語：Κέρκυρα，拉丁化：Kérkyra；古希臘語：Κέρκυρα／Κόρκυρα），英語稱科孚島（英語：Corfu），伊奧尼亞海島嶼，屬希臘克基拉州。科孚島面積580平方公里，是愛奧尼亞群島中第2大的島嶼，隔科孚海峽與阿爾巴尼亞相望。此島是愛奧尼亞大學的所在地。英國女王伊莉莎白二世的丈夫菲臘親王在此島出生。 克基拉島曾先後被羅馬帝國、東羅馬帝國、熱那亞人和威尼斯人所管治。其中威尼斯共和國曾統治島嶼由1401年至1797年，克基拉島時稱「威尼斯的門戶」，鄂圖曼土耳其曾多次侵略該島，如1537、1571、1573和1716年土耳其海軍和陸軍就曾圍困島嶼，但均以失敗而終。當時克基拉島可被視為西方文明抵抗鄂圖曼的堡壘。 1864年英、法、俄三國和希臘簽訂倫敦條約，正式將克基拉島在內的愛奧尼亞群島主權歸還希臘。 現今克基拉島是一個熱門的旅遊勝地。在2007年，島上克基拉市的老城區因國際文化紀念物與歷史場所委員會的推薦而被指定為世界文化遺產。 克基拉島位於凱法拉尼亞斷層附近，是地震多發的地區（凱法利尼亞島則是其中心）。儘管如此，島上的城市和郊野仍保留着許多十六世紀時期興建的傳統建築。 克基拉島的海岸線全長217公里（135英里），其東北部的海岸線與阿爾巴尼亞的薩蘭達相望，由眾多3-23公里（2-15英里）不等的海峽所分開﹔而島東南部的海岸則與希臘北部的塞斯普羅蒂亞州相望。 科孚島（Corfu）這一名稱是意大利文，轉譯自拜占庭Κορυφώ（Koryphō），意即「眾山峰的城市」，衍生自希臘文Κορυφαί（Koryphai）（山頂、山峰），島的北部較為多山，中部地形起伏，南部則是低窪地帶。 克基拉島全島約長64公里（40英里），面積約588平方公里(227平方英里)，最大寬度為32公里(20英里)。 其最高點海拔906米（2,972 呎）。她的外形像一把鐮刀，島上的城市和港口集中在「鐮刀」（drepanē, δρεπάνι）的內側，與阿爾巴尼亞的海岸相對。 在未受耕作活動干擾的地區，桃金娘、野草莓、月桂和冬青槲生成一片茂密的草叢。