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Sikhs, Bhagats and Sants

The Sikh tradition began 500 years ago in the Punjab region of South Asia, now divided between India and Pakistan. This beginning is firmly tied to Nanak, born in 1469 CE, and referred to as Guru Nanak by his followers. “Sikh” means “disciple” or “student” or “learner,” while “guru” in this context means “spiritual teacher” or “spiritual guide.” This video tackles the question, “Where do Nanak and his teachings fit in the wider spiritual landscape of the South Asia of that period?” The wide range of innovative spiritual teachings that flourished in the time and place in which the Sikh tradition began is known as the Bhakti movement. The Bhakti movement covers a very heterogeneous set of teachings, both in spiritual/metaphysical dimensions, and social and ethical dimensions. In the 19th century, the leader of a new religious movement, the Radhasoamis, began to use the term “Sant” for earlier figures such as the bhagat Kabir, and for the Sikh Guru Nanak, and that has become a popular scholarly position. The scholarly placement of Nanak and his successors within a broad and heterogeneous Bhakti movement seems unavoidable, though Sikhs would never label Nanak as a bhagat – that labeling would violate Sikh ideas of spiritual authority and lineage. But labeling Nanak as a “Sant” is much more problematic: there is a clear scholarly case for a historical interpretation in which there is no well-defined Sant lineage or tradition, and furthermore, that Sikh teachings do not fit into a tradition that might be labeled as “Sant.” Finally, there is a scholarly case that the invention of a “Sant tradition” had drivers related to cultural nationalism, with strong political implications. #Sikh, #Guru Nanak, #Bhakti, #Bhagat, #Sant, #Cultural nationalism, #Politics of Scholarship, #Sufis, #Farid, #Kabir, #Namdev, #Ravidas, #Charlotte Vaudeville, #Mark Juergensmeyer, #Radhasoamis, #South Asia, #History, #Religion