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Explore the intricate microscopic anatomy and unique circulatory system of the spleen in this comprehensive histology lecture. The video details the spleen's connective tissue framework, including the capsule, trabeculae, and reticular stroma [00:00], and delves into the distinct characteristics and functions of its parenchyma – the white pulp and red pulp [00:42]. Essential for medical students, pathology residents, and anyone studying histology, immunology, or hematology. Key Histological & Functional Insights Covered: [01:15] Framework of the Spleen: Understanding the outer serous coat, inner fibroelastic tunica albuginea, capsule, and trabeculae [02:15] that divide the spleen into incomplete lobules [03:33]. [05:11] Reticular Stroma: The supportive network of reticular fibers and phagocytic reticular cells. [07:39] Parenchyma - The Functional Hub: White Pulp: Detailed examination of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS), a key identification feature [15:11], and the arrangement of T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells [10:25]. [11:16] Red Pulp: Composition of splenic sinusoids and the Billroth cords (containing collagen fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages). [12:16] Microscopic Anatomy: Visualizing trabeculae, white pulp with central arteries, and red pulp as seen under the microscope. [18:49] Splenic Circulation - A Unique System: Tracing the path of the splenic artery and its branches (segmental, trabecular arteries). [20:54] Open vs. Closed Circulation: Understanding these two models of blood flow – closed circulation directly into venous sinuses and open circulation through the cords of Billroth. [24:34] Sinusoids and Stave Cells: The structure of sinusoids lined by specialized endothelial cells (stave cells) with contractile properties. [26:57] Venous Drainage: Formation of the splenic vein. [28:50] Key Functions of the Spleen Summarized: Including blood filtration (removal of old erythrocytes), vital role in immune responses, blood reservoir capacity, and potential for hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Important for Students [30:04]: The presenter advises preparing splenic circulation as a long question for exams. Practice drawing schematic diagrams illustrating both open and closed circulation. Red pulp and white pulp histology are important topics for short notes. This lecture provides a thorough understanding of the spleen's structure at a microscopic level and how it relates to its critical physiological functions. Who is this video for? Medical Students (Histology, Immunology, Hematology, Pathology) Biology Students (Anatomy & Physiology) Pathology Residents Aspiring Immunologists and Hematologists Laboratory Professionals & Histotechnicians. Keywords: Spleen Histology, Splenic Circulation, White Pulp, Red Pulp, Periarteriolar Lymphatic Sheath, PALS, Billroth Cords, Splenic Sinusoids, Stave Cells, Open Circulation, Closed Circulation, Microscopy, Immune System, Hematology, Blood Filtration, Medical Lecture, Pathology. SANTINIKETAN MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL Real Classroom Demonstration/Lecture On: ANATOMY by Dr. Madhumita Mahato (MBBS Batch: 2024-25) Conducted on: 10-04-25