Respiration in Plants | Class 11th Biology I Chapter-12 | NCERT + NEET Prep | One Shot скачать в хорошем качестве

Respiration in Plants | Class 11th Biology I Chapter-12 | NCERT + NEET Prep | One Shot

For more contact - contactus.biolog@gmail.com 🌱 Respiration in Higher Plants – Class 11 Biology (NCERT Ch 14, NEET Focus) 🔹Introduction Respiration is a catabolic process in which organic compounds (mainly glucose) are broken down to release energy. Energy is stored as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Respiration is not the same as breathing (plants do not breathe but respire through diffusion). Types of Respiration Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen. Complete oxidation of glucose into CO₂ + H₂O. Releases 36-38 ATP per glucose. Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Without oxygen. Partial breakdown of glucose. Produces ethanol + CO₂ (yeast) or lactic acid (muscles). Produces only 2 ATP per glucose. 🔹 Steps of Respiration 1. Glycolysis (EMP Pathway) Occurs in cytoplasm. Glucose (6C) → 2 Pyruvate (3C). Net gain: 2 ATP + 2 NADH. Common pathway for both aerobic & anaerobic respiration. 2. Link Reaction (Pyruvate Oxidation) Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH. 3. Krebs Cycle (TCA Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle) Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. Acetyl-CoA (2C) combines with oxaloacetate (4C) → Citric acid (6C). Produces: 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 1 ATP (GTP), 2 CO₂ per cycle. 4. Electron Transport System (ETS) Occurs in inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH & FADH₂ donate electrons to cytochromes. Oxygen acts as final electron acceptor → forms H₂O. Produces maximum ATP (34 ATP). 🔹 Energy Yield in Aerobic Respiration (Per Glucose) Glycolysis → 2 ATP + 2 NADH Link Reaction → 2 NADH Krebs Cycle → 2 ATP + 6 NADH + 2 FADH₂ ETS → 34 ATP 👉 Total = 36–38 ATP 🔹 What is Respiration? Respiration is a biological process in which organic compounds (mainly glucose) are broken down to release energy. Energy is stored in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Plants respire 24 hours (day & night). Gas exchange in plants occurs by simple diffusion (no respiratory organs). 🔹 Types of Respiration Aerobic Respiration Oxygen required. Glucose completely oxidized into CO₂ + H₂O. Produces 36–38 ATP per glucose. Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Oxygen not required. Partial breakdown of glucose. In yeast → Ethanol + CO₂ In muscle cells → Lactic acid Produces only 2 ATP per glucose. 🔹 Pathway of Respiration 1. Glycolysis (EMP Pathway) Location → Cytoplasm. Universal pathway (occurs in all organisms). Steps: Glucose (6C) → 2 Pyruvate (3C). Net gain: 2 ATP + 2 NADH. 2. Link Reaction Location → Mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH. 3. Krebs Cycle (TCA / Citric Acid Cycle) Location → Mitochondrial matrix. Acetyl-CoA (2C) + Oxaloacetate (4C) → Citric acid (6C). Products (per cycle): 3 NADH + 1 FADH₂ + 1 ATP (GTP) + 2 CO₂. 4. Electron Transport System (ETS) Location → Inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH & FADH₂ donate electrons. Electrons pass through cytochromes & complexes (I–IV). Oxygen acts as final electron acceptor → forms water. Produces maximum ATP (34 ATP). 📌 Important NEET/Board Questions Define glycolysis. Where does it occur? Why is the Krebs cycle called an amphibolic pathway? How many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic respiration? Write the end products of anaerobic respiration in yeast. What is the RQ value of carbohydrates, fats & proteins?