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Common Carotid Artery The right common carotid artery is a branch of the brachiocephalic artery. It begins in the neck behind the right sternoclavicular joint. The left common carotid artery is branch of the arch of the aorta. It begins in the thorax in front of the trachea opposite a point a little to the left of the centre of the manubrium. It ascends to the back of left sternoclavicular joint and enters the neck. In the neck, both arteries have a similar course. Each artery runs upwards within the carotid sheath, under cover of the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. It lies in front of the lower four cervical transverse processes. At the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, the artery ends by dividing into the external and internal carotid arteries Carotid Sinus The termination of the common carotid artery, or the beginning of the internal carotid artery shows a slight dilatation, known as the carotid sinus. In this region, the tunica media is thin, but the adventitia is relatively thick and receives a rich innervation from the glossopharyngeal and sympathetic nerves. The carotid sinus acts as a baroreceptor of pressure receptor and regulates blood pressure Carotid Body • Carotid body is a small, oval reddish brown structure • situated behind the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. • It receives a rich nerve supply mainly from the glossopharyngeal nerve, but also from the vagus and sympathetic nerves. • It acts as a chemoreceptor and responds to changes in the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH content of the blood. • Other allied chemoreceptors are found near the arch of the aorta, the ductus arteriosus, and the right subclavian artery. These are supplied by the vagus nerve. Clinical Anatomy • The carotid sinus is richly supplied by nerves. • In some persons, the sinus may be hypersensitive. In such persons, sudden rotation of the head may cause slowing of heart. This condition is called as "carotid sinus syndrome". • The supraventricular tachycardia may be controlled by carotid sinus massage/ due to inhibitory effects of vagus nerve on the heart. • The necktie should not be tied tightly, as it may compress both the internal carotid arteries, supplying the brain. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- My website - https://human-anatomy-lessons.busines... My Blog - https://human-anatomylessons.blogspot... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow me in blogspot - https://human-anatomylessons.blogspot... _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Visit my blogs - https://humananatomyonline.in/ Contact me @ https://t.me/humananatomylessons