Pediatric Nursing Study Guide Breastfeeding (Lactation) скачать в хорошем качестве

Pediatric Nursing Study Guide Breastfeeding (Lactation)

🍼 Breastfeeding (Lactation) – Pediatric Nursing Study Guide 🔹 Definition Breastfeeding is the natural method of feeding an infant with mother’s milk, which provides complete nutrition, immunity, and emotional bonding for the first 6 months of life. According to World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund, 👉 Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months is recommended. 🔹 Composition of Breast Milk (Exam Favorite) 1️⃣ Colostrum (First milk) • Produced: First 2–4 days • Yellow & thick • Called “liquid gold” Contents: ✔ High protein ✔ High antibodies (IgA) ✔ Vitamin A rich ✔ Low fat & sugar ✔ Laxative effect → prevents jaundice Functions: • Immunity • Prevents infection • Clears meconium • Prevents neonatal jaundice 2️⃣ Transitional Milk • Day 4–14 • More fat & lactose • Increased calories 3️⃣ Mature Milk • After 2 weeks Contains: • Water (87%) • Carbohydrate (lactose) • Protein (whey casein) • Fat • Vitamins & minerals • Antibodies 🔹 Types of Breastfeeding Type Meaning Exclusive breastfeeding Only breast milk (no water/food) Predominant breastfeeding Breast milk + water/juice Complementary feeding Breast milk + semisolids after 6 months Partial feeding Breast milk + formula Artificial feeding Only formula 👉 Exam answer: Exclusive for 6 months 🔹 Advantages of Breastfeeding 👶 For Baby ✔ Complete nutrition ✔ Easy digestion ✔ Less diarrhea ✔ Less pneumonia ✔ Prevents allergy ✔ Prevents obesity ✔ Improves IQ ✔ Emotional security ✔ Less SIDS ✔ Prevents anemia 👩 For Mother ✔ Uterine contraction (oxytocin) ✔ Prevents PPH ✔ Weight loss ✔ Natural contraception (LAM) ✔ Less breast cancer ✔ Less ovarian cancer ✔ Less stress ✔ Economical 👨‍👩‍👧 For Family/Society ✔ Cheap ✔ No preparation needed ✔ Always sterile ✔ No bottle infection ✔ Environment friendly 🔹 Hormones of Lactation (Very important MCQ) Hormone Function Prolactin Milk production Oxytocin Milk ejection (let down reflex) Reflexes: • Suckling → prolactin release • Crying of baby → oxytocin → milk flows 🔹 Correct Positioning & Latch (Viva question) Good Position Signs ✔ Baby facing mother ✔ Head & body straight ✔ Baby close to breast ✔ Whole body supported Good Attachment Signs ✔ Mouth wide open ✔ More areola visible above ✔ Chin touching breast ✔ No pain ✔ Slow deep sucking 🔹 Frequency of Feeding • Start within 1 hour of birth • 8–12 times/day • Every 2–3 hours • Night feeding essential 👉 Demand feeding is best 🔹 Duration • 10–15 minutes each breast • Offer both breasts • First breast completely empty 🔹 Signs Baby is Getting Enough Milk ✔ 6–8 wet diapers/day ✔ Weight gain ✔ Baby satisfied ✔ Sleeps well ✔ Yellow stool 🔹 Contraindications of Breastfeeding Absolute ❌ HIV positive mother (depending on protocol) ❌ Galactosemia baby ❌ Certain chemotherapy drugs ❌ Radioactive therapy Temporary ❌ High fever ❌ Breast abscess ❌ Severe illness 🔹 Common Breastfeeding Problems & Nursing Care Problem Cause Management Sore nipple Wrong latch Correct positioning Engorgement Milk stasis Frequent feeding, warm compress Mastitis Infection Antibiotics, continue feeding Cracked nipple Dryness Apply breast milk, lanolin Flat nipple Poor attachment Nipple shield/exercise 🔹 Complementary Feeding • Start at 6 months • Continue breastfeeding till 2 years or more Foods: • Rice porridge • Khichdi • Mashed fruits • Dal • Egg • Vegetables 🔹 Breastfeeding Technique Steps (Nursing Procedure) Wash hands Comfortable position Support breast (C hold) Baby wide mouth Proper latch Burp after feed 🔹 Burping Methods • Over shoulder • Sitting position • Lying across lap 🔹 Storage of Expressed Milk (Exam table) Temperature Time Room 4 hrs Fridge 24 hrs Freezer 3–6 months