Why Your Body Turns Down the Noise Receptor Downregulation! скачать в хорошем качестве

Why Your Body Turns Down the Noise Receptor Downregulation!

Receptor downregulation is a process that regulates the number of transmembrane receptors1. This can occur when receptors have been chronically exposed to an excessive amount of a ligand, either from endogenous mediators or from exogenous drugs. This results in ligand-induced desensitization or internalization of that receptor. Downregulation specifically refers to a reduction in the total number of receptors available to be stimulated due to prolonged receptor activation. This could be due to chronic treatment with a pharmacological agonist drug or prolonged inhibition of metabolism of a neurotransmitter. For example, in Type 2 Diabetes, chronic increased levels of glucose lead to increased production of insulin. Over time, insulin receptors downregulate, making the individual less sensitive to insulin. This process is involved in dampening the response to extracellular signals1. It’s a form of homeostatic control that helps protect cells from overstimulation, which may lead to pathological changes..