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Make Chlorine Gas (fixed)

We show how to make chlorine gas. Warning: Chlorine gas is toxic and this should only be performed by an experienced chemist in a fume hood. The simplest way to make chlorine gas is to mix bleach with hydrochloric acid. While this does work it doesn't produce as much chlorine gas as the other methods. It's also less reliable since chlorine bleach usually decays on the shelf to lower concentrations. It's recommended to go with the other methods. At this point we should note that mixing ammonia and chlorine bleach does NOT make chlorine, it actually makes chloramines. Chloramines themselves are highly toxic at these concentrations and will further react to form other toxic products like dichloramine, nitrogen trichloride and hydrazine. So it's still bad to mix ammonia and bleach, but understand it's not making chlorine gas. The classic method is to mix Manganese dioxide with four mole equivalents of hydrochloric acid. The more modern method is to mix pool chlorinator with the appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid. Pool chlorinator usually consists of calcium hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid, or sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid. Four mole equivalents are needed for the calcium hypochlorite, and three mole equivalents are needed for the isocyanuric acid derivatives. Be sure to use appropriate gas collection equipment to collect the chlorine gas. Sometimes hydrochloric acid isn't available and this can be substituted with an equimolar mixture of sodium chloride salt and sodium bisulfate. Sodium bisulfate should also be available as a pH lowering chemical sold alongside the pool chlorinator if hydrochloric acid isn't also sold. Remember you still need to use the correct stoichiometry of hydrochloric acid to pool chlorinator. To test for chlorine gas a mixture of 0.1g of starch and 0.5g of potassium iodide in 20mL of water can be used. Filter strips dipped in the solution will turn blue or brown in the presence of chlorine.