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4-Textual Criticism

This lesson provides an in-depth exploration of textual criticism, focusing on ancient Greco-Roman literature, with particular emphasis on the New Testament. You will understand textual criticism as both an art and a science, aimed at determining the original wording of ancient texts lost to time. You will learn about the two divisions of evidence in textual criticism: external and internal. External evidence relates to the materials that exist, such as Greek manuscripts, translations in other languages, and quotations by Church Fathers. You will learn about the concepts of the date and character of a manuscript, genealogical solidarity, and geographical distribution. The lesson also introduces the concept of text families, explaining how manuscripts fall into clusters or 'families' due to regional copying practices. Internal evidence, on the other hand, involves examining the text itself, focusing on intrinsic probability (what the author likely wrote) and transcriptional probability (what the scribe likely did). Various examples are provided to illustrate these concepts, helping you to understand the intricate process of textual criticism.