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The Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad

Today marks the 75th anniversary of the foundation of the Republic of Kurdistan in Eastern Kurdistan with Mahabad as its capital and Qazi Mohammed as its president. During the Second World War, Western Iran was occupied by the Soviet Union and Great Britain in 1941. The intention behind it was to create supply routes to the Soviet Union and to prevent Reza Shah Pahlavi from taking the side of the Axis powers. Beginning from that time, the Soviets supported the Kurds and Azeris to become independent from the central Iranian government. As a result, Qazi Mohammed declared the foundation of the Republic of Kurdistan on Chiwarchira square on 22 January 1946, three days after the foundation of the People’s Republic of Azarbaijan. The Democratic Party of Kurdistan-Iran (DPKI), chaired by Qazi Mohammed, presented the government of the state, and a parliament of 13 members was formed. The government was headed by Qazi Mohammed and had the following positions and persons: President: Qazi Mohammed Prime Minister: Haji Baba Sheikh War and Defense Minister: Mohammed Hossein Saif Qazi Interior Minister: Mohammed Amin Mouini Health Minister: Mohammed Eiubian Minister without portfolio: Abdul Rahman Ilchanizadeh Transport Minister: Ismail Ilchanizadeh Finance Minister: Ahmed Ilahi Minister for Cultural Affairs: Manaf Karimi Minister of Agriculture: Mahmud Valizadeh Propaganda Minister: Sadik Haidari Minister of Labor: Khalil Khosrowi Justice Minister: Mullah Hossein Madschi At the time of the foundation of the republic, more than 3,000 Barzani fighters led by Molla Mustafa Barzani came to Mahabad from Southern Kurdistan to join the republic and form its official army. The official national anthem was Ey Reqîb and Ala Rengîn (colorful flag) became its flag. In April and May, there were several clashes between the Kurds and the Iranian army. However, these were initially ended by a cease-fire. This led to negotiations between the Iranian government and the Kurds with the participation of Great Britain. The negotiations did not lead to any results, so the Iranian troops kept attacking Kurdish positions. After the withdrawal of the Soviet army, the Republic of Kurdistan was captured by Iran on 16 December 1946. On 30 March 1947, Qazi Mohammed, Seyfi Qazi, and Sedri Qazi were executed on Chiwarchira Square in Mahabad. According to Archibald Roosevelt (son of US President Theodore Roosevelt), the republic crashed because the Kurds were dependent on the protection of the Soviet Union. They did not have the material to assert themselves, even if there were plans to supply the Kurds with the necessary military goods. Another decisive reason was the disunity between the Kurdish tribes at that time.