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Equal Cost Multi Path -ECMP-

Equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing is a network strategy that allows packets to be forwarded to a single destination over multiple paths with equal routing priority. This strategy can be used in conjunction with most routing protocols because it's a local decision made at each router. ECMP can potentially increase bandwidth by load-balancing traffic across multiple paths. It allows traffic from the same session, or flow, to be transmitted across multiple paths of equal cost. A flow is traffic with the same source and destination IP address. When forwarding a packet, the router must decide which next-hop (path) to use. Routers and switches usually group packets together based on the contents of a few fields in the IP/TCP/UDP/ICMP header. However, some switches can't look inside the IP header and perform load balancing based on Ethernet MAC addresses. This can cause all traffic between two routers to be transmitted over the same link.