4. Other Cytotoxic Agents & Leflunomide: Immunomodulators: Pharmacology скачать в хорошем качестве

4. Other Cytotoxic Agents & Leflunomide: Immunomodulators: Pharmacology

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊 📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 :   / clinical.learning   4. Other Cytotoxic Agents & Leflunomide: Immunomodulators: Pharmacology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cytotoxic agents & Leflunomide are potent immunomodulators that work by inhibiting immune cell proliferation, making them essential in autoimmune diseases 🦋, organ transplantation 🏥, and cancer therapy 🎗️. These drugs primarily target rapidly dividing lymphocytes (T & B cells) 🦠, reducing excessive immune activation and inflammation. 🔹 Mechanism of Action 🧬 Cytotoxic agents interfere with DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis 🚫, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which suppresses the immune response. Leflunomide selectively inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) 🔬, blocking pyrimidine synthesis, a crucial step for T-cell proliferation. 🔹 Key Cytotoxic Agents & Leflunomide 💊 Methotrexate (MTX) 🏥 – A folate antagonist that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) 🚫, preventing thymidine synthesis. Used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 🤲, psoriasis 🩸, and chemotherapy 🎗️. Cyclophosphamide 🧬 – An alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA strands, leading to T & B cell suppression. Used in lupus nephritis 🩸, vasculitis 🏥, and hematologic cancers 🎗️. Leflunomide 🚀 – Specifically blocks T-cell proliferation by inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis, making it a first-line agent for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 🤲 and psoriatic arthritis 🩸. Chlorambucil & Azathioprine 🌿 – Used to prevent organ rejection and in autoimmune diseases. 🔹 Clinical Uses 🏥 Autoimmune Diseases 🦋 – RA, psoriasis 🩸, lupus nephritis, multiple sclerosis (MS) ⚡. Organ Transplantation 🚑 – Prevents graft rejection. Cancer Therapy 🎗️ – Targets rapidly dividing tumor cells. 🔹 Side Effects ⚠️ Bone marrow suppression 🩸 → Risk of leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia. Hepatotoxicity 🏥 (especially methotrexate & leflunomide). GI toxicity 🤢 (nausea, diarrhea). Increased infection risk 🦠 due to immune suppression. These drugs are powerful immunosuppressants, crucial for managing autoimmune disorders & preventing organ rejection, but require careful monitoring due to toxicity risks 🌿✨. #CytotoxicAgents 💊 #Leflunomide 🚀 #Immunomodulators 🛡️ #AutoimmuneTherapy 🦋 #OrganTransplant 🏥 #Methotrexate #Cyclophosphamide 🧬 #DNAInhibition 🚫 #MedicalEducation 📚 #MBBSNotes #StudySmart 🧠 #SafeImmunotherapy 🚑 #BoneMarrowSuppression ⚠️ #CancerTherapy 🎗️