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Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) are abnormal connections between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. They can be classified based on various factors, including their origin, output rate, and complexity. Classification Based on Origin Spontaneous Fistulas: Result from a pathological process, such as Crohn's disease, malignancy, or infection. Artificial (Iatrogenic) Fistulas: Occur after surgical or other types of diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Classification Based on Output Rate Low-Output Fistulas: Less than 200 mL/24 hours. Moderate-Output Fistulas: Between 200-500 mL/24 hours. High-Output Fistulas: More than 500 mL/24 hours1. Classification Based on Complexity Simple Fistulas: Have a single channel connecting the intestine to the skin. Complex Fistulas: Have multiple channels or are associated with other complications, such as abscesses or bowel obstruction. Other Classifications Proximal Fistulas: Include gastric, duodenal, and jejunal fistulas. Distal Fistulas: Include ileal and colonic fistulas. You can find more detailed information on the classifications of enterocutaneous fistulas here and here. #Enterocutaneous