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Japan Foundation World Music Event. Thanks for your support. Leaders Ryoji, Tiger. Instruments: Taiko Drum from Japan Koto from Japan. Harmonium from India. Balafon (West African xylophone) from Mali. Didgeridoo from Australia. Quijada(Jawbone) from South America. Berimbao from Brazil. Cajon(box drum) from Peru. Bongo from Cuba. Djembe (hand drum) from West Africa. Dun Dun(west African bass drum). The musical drone is a sustained or repeated note that anchors harmony, often featuring the perfect fifth interval with its 3:2 frequency ratio for consonance. In Japanese music, drones appear in traditional forms like gagaku court music or shakuhachi flute pieces, where sustained tones on instruments like the sho (mouth organ) create a harmonic bed, evoking meditative depth similar to nature's hum, and often using pentatonic scales with fifth-based drones for tonal stability. Grok/Rick: In Indian classical music, the tanpura drone sustains the tonic (Sa) and perfect fifth (Pa), symbolizing Om (Aum), the universal vibration in Hindu philosophy; the harmonium serves as a modern substitute for the tanpura, providing a keyed drone that maintains the Sa-Pa foundation while allowing melodic play, supporting raga improvisation and aligning music with spiritual essence for meditation. Pythagoras valued the perfect fifth's 3:2 ratio as a pure mathematical interval, using it to build scales in Pythagorean tuning, where stacked fifths approximate the octave cycle, embodying cosmic order and influencing Western harmony. Across traditions, the fifth is foundational. In Japanese or English/Appalachian fiddle tunes, the D minor pentatonic scale (D, F, G, A, C) often pairs with a D-A drone (a perfect fifth), allowing open-string resonance on the fiddle for fluid melodies in folk reels or ballads. Its relative major, F major pentatonic (F, G, A, C, D), features in African three-chord music, where simple progressions over fifth-based harmonies drive rhythmic polyphony in styles like highlife. Brazilian samba uses similar pentatonic elements in major keys for upbeat chord cycles, while bagpipe music employs the fifth in drone tunings relative to the chanter's scale, often evoking a pentatonic feel in marches. John Coltrane's jazz innovated with fifth cycles in "Giant Steps," using root and fifth drones in modal works like "A Love Supreme" for sustained spiritual resonance, blending ancient modal traditions with modern improvisation. His pianist McCoy Tyner complemented this with root-and-fifth drones in quartal voicings, creating an ancient/modern vibe through open, suspended harmonies that evoke timeless chants amid contemporary jazz intensity. Rock power chords are root-fifth dyads for punchy riffs, and classical music relies on the circle of fifths for key progressions. Drones enhance consciousness by inducing theta brainwaves through resonance, aiding meditation like in Om chanting, while serving as compositional anchors for improvisation in ragas or minimalism. Unlike musical drones, flying drones (UAVs) hum like bees but serve practical roles: good uses include medical deliveries, disaster surveys, and farming monitoring; bad ones involve smuggling, spying, or weaponized attacks, raising ethical concerns.