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This week Reactions takes a look at the science behind how we tell temperature. There's a lot of chemistry that goes into thermometers. We have a lot of confidence that we measure temperature accurately. But how do thermometers in the kitchen or doctor’s office work? Thanks to the laws of thermodynamics, thermometers respond to heat moving from hot to cold as a means of measuring temperature. Clever physical chemists and engineers have taken temperature tools from the simple, but still useful, lined glass thermometers to digital readouts. And you might be surprised to find out how Einstein took thermometers the distance. Find us on all these places: Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions Facebook! / acsreactions Twitter! / acsreactions Tumblr! http://tumblr.com/ACSReactions JD Pigs Producer: Elaine Seward Writer: Darcy Gentleman, Ph.D. Judith Lavelle Executive Producer: Adam Dylewski Scientific consultants: Dawn Cross Darcy Gentleman, Ph.D. Kyle Nackers Sources: Fever Guidelines https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/air/re... http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/f... http://highschoolenergy.acs.org/conte... http://theinventors.org/library/inven... Galileo Project (Rice Univ.) - Thermometer http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/instrumen... EPA - Mercury in your thermometer https://www.epa.gov/mercury/mercury-t... EPA - Mercury - Health Effects https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-ef... NIST - phasing out mercury thermometer calibration https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news... Galilean Thermometer not so Galilean (interesting, but also corroborates the event of Galileo’s invention of the thermoscope around the start of the 17th century) http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/e... Bimetallic thermometers http://www.teltru.com/topic.aspx?name... thermocouples [deleted content] http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/utc/thermoco... thermistors https://www.nist.gov/pml/mercury-ther... http://www.radio-electronics.com/info... IR semiconductor sensors https://www.noao.edu/meetings/gdw/fil... IR planet measurement https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~rtp1/pap... https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/cl... “Experiments in Physical Chemistry”, 6th edition. David P. Shoemaker, Carl W. Garland, Joseph W. Nibler. McGraw-Hill, 1996. Chapter 18 “Temperature” and Chapter 19 “Instruments” Ever wonder why dogs sniff each others' butts? Or how Adderall works? Or whether it's OK to pee in the pool? We've got you covered: Reactions a web series about the chemistry that surrounds you every day. Reactions is produced by the American Chemical Society.