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Neurotransmitters of the human body

This is a overview of some common neurotransmitters found in the human body. I created this presentation with Google Slides. Image were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Neurotransmitters An introduction to chemicals that transmit information across the body, their functions, and their receptors Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Amino acids Monoamines Catecholamines Acetylcholine (ACh) Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Found in: Motor neurons Brain: basal ganglia and nucleus basalis of Meynert Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Sympathetic (ganglion neurotransmitter) Parasympathetic (both ganglion and final product) Used in treatment of: Alzheimer’s disease Dementia Receptors: Ionotropic → nicotinic receptors, excitatory Metabotropic → muscarinic receptors, excitatory or inhibitory Serotonin (5-HT) Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Found in: Brain and brainstem Pineal gland Raphe nuclei in the pons Limbic function (emotions/mood, hunger, sex, instincts, temperature) sleep Used in treatment of: Depression Sleep regulation Receptors: Ionotropic → 5-HT3 receptor, excitatory Metabotropic → 5-HT1-7 receptors, excitatory or inhibitory Dopamine Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Found in: Brain and brainstem Substantia nigra (reward, addiction, movement) Hypothalamus (inhibits prolactin release) Used in treatment of: Schizophrenia, psychosis Parkinson’s disease Receptors: Ionotropic → none Metabotropic D1 → excitatory (K+/Ca2+) D2 → inhibitory (K+/Ca2+) Norepinephrine Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Found in: Brain: Locus ceruleus, projecting to cortex, for arousal, attention, and anxiety ANS: sympathetic neurons (final product, postganglionic neurons) Used in treatment of: ADHD Anxiety Cardiac failure Receptors: Ionotropic → none Metabotropic α1 and β1 are excitatory α2 and β2 are inhibitory Glutamate Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Found everywhere in CNS: Excites the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brainstem, hippocampus, cerebellum Used in treatment of: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig's disease Excites motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons Receptors (all excitatory): Ionotropic NMDA receptor AMPA receptor Kainate receptor Metabotropic gamma-Aminobutyric acid Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Found everywhere in CNS: Inhibits the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brainstem, hippocampus, cerebellum, basal ganglia Predominately found in interneurons Used in treatment of: Anxiety and rehab for drug abuse Inhibits motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons → sedation, muscular/cardiorespiratory relaxation, inhibits pain/reflexes Receptors (all inhibitory): Ionotropic GABAA receptor → Cl- channel (ligand-gated) Metabotropic GABAB receptor → decrease cAMP and increase K channels Glycine Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine Glutamate GABA Glycine Found in the spinal cord: Inhibits spinal cord interneurons Used in treatment of: Spasticity Receptors (all inhibitory): Ionotropic Cl- channel