Bosnia : Croats and Modern National Movements in the 19th century until 1918 - Ante Starčević скачать в хорошем качестве

Bosnia : Croats and Modern National Movements in the 19th century until 1918 - Ante Starčević

The neighbouring national movements of Croats and Serbs in the 19th century, provided a new momentum, and a new secularist tone, to the already existing Croatian-Catholic, and Serbian Orthodox cultural structures. This process endeavoured to stop the Ottoman reformist politics of the nineteenth century, as well as the Austro-Hungarian modernizing policies, which succeeded the Ottoman, and which prohibited the Croatian and Serbian names in Bosnia, and introduced Bosni akness, as the national appellation for all the inhabitants of Bosnia, but which in the final analysis, did not succeed. Until the Austro-Hungarian occupation, the cultural and political leadership of the Bosnian Croats, remained in the hands of the Franciscans. Their schooling in Slavonia and Hungary, under Austrian rule, from the end of the eighteenth century, awoke an interest for national, cultural and political movements amongst individuals. These movements, which sought not only cultural and political emancipation from foreign rule, the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires, but also to politically overcome confessionalism, and to construct a modern secular culture, attracted the participation of a considerable part of the Croatian clergy, particularly the lower clergy. It included the Franciscan Illyrians in Bosnia, such as, Martin Nedić, Grga Martić, Ivan Franjo Jukić, and others. Individual Franciscans, such as Martić and Jukić, attempted to cooperate with the Serbian national movement, by publishing their texts in Serbian journals, the editors of which Serbianized their texts. This was, nevertheless, just one episode. In the 1860s, Martić recognised the Greater Serbian character of Serbian propaganda in Bosnia, and, ahead of the Congress of Berlin in 1878, accepts the Austro-Hungarian, and not Serbian and Montenegrin occupation of Bosnia, which some Croatian Yugoslavists, and other representatives of the Croatian cultural and political public, resented due to their ignorance, more or less, of the real state of affairs in Bosnia, or their own opportunism. Until the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia, the cultural and political activity of the Bosnian Franciscans unfolded, within the framework of Illyrianism and Yugoslavism, in the manner of a Croatian federalist, and not Serbian unitarist interpretation of these national movements and ideologies. After the Austro-Hungarian occupation in 1878, the cultural and political development of the Bosnian Croats, flows in a reinforced communication, with the cultural and political processes in Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia, in spite of the efforts of Benjamin von Kallay, Austro-Hungarian minister of finances, in charge for Bosnia and Herzegovina, and his associates, to isolate Bosnia from the national movements of Serbs and Croats. With the growth of Greater Serbianism in the 1880s, and, under the influence of Croatian settlers, the Franciscans converted from Yugoslavism, to the Greater Croatian ideology, according to which Bosnia is an exclusively Croatian territory. On the other hand, a significant number of Franciscans, nevertheless, showed an interest in political cooperation with other confessional nationalities in Bosnia, and thus, retained some openness toward Yugoslavism. Full video    • CROATIAN CULTURE in BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA...   #bosnia #bosniaandherzegovina #bosnian