Hybridization in Organic Molecules | скачать в хорошем качестве

Hybridization in Organic Molecules |

Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals (s, p, sometimes d) on a carbon (or other atom) to form new hybrid orbitals that are used to make sigma (σ) bonds and hold lone pairs 1. sp³ Hybridization Orbital mix: 1 s + 3 p → 4 sp³ orbitals Geometry: Tetrahedral Bond angle: ~ 109.5° σ-bond types: All sigma bonds (single bonds only) Examples: Methane CH₄, Ethane C₂H₆ , Alcohols, alkanes 2. sp² Hybridization Orbital mix: 1 s + 2 p → 3 sp² orbitals Leftover orbitals: 1 unhybridized p (forms π bond) Geometry: Trigonal planar Bond angle: ~ 120° Bond type: One π bond → double bonds Examples: Ethene C₂H₄, Carbonyls (C=O), Benzene and aromatics 3. sp Hybridization Orbital mix: 1 s + 1 p → 2 sp orbitals Leftover orbitals: 2 unhybridized p orbitals (form two π bonds) Geometry: Linear Bond angle: 180° Bond type: Two π bonds → triple bonds Examples: Ethyne (acetylene) C₂H₂, Nitriles (C≡N).    • Acidic Nature of Alkynes | #chemclasses      • How to find the PERIOD, BLOCK and GROUP of...      • Normality Equation for titrations and dilu...      • Green House Effect & Global Warming- Easy ...      • An Introduction to Spectroscopy   #chemclasses, #trending, #hybridization #organicmolecules Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physicsl Chmeistry, NEET, JEE, Class-12th, class 11th, CBSE, NCERT, PMT, CSIR-NET, JRF, MSc, BSc, Competetive exams,