UNIT 13: OUR ENVIRONMENT - 100 DETAILED Q&A ECOSYSTEM & COMPONENTS (Q1-25) скачать в хорошем качестве

UNIT 13: OUR ENVIRONMENT - 100 DETAILED Q&A ECOSYSTEM & COMPONENTS (Q1-25)

100 Questions and Answers for Class 10 Science, Here is a comprehensive set of 100 Questions and Answers for Class 10 Science, Unit 13: Our Environment, covering all key concepts in detail with explanations suitable for CBSE students. UNIT 13: OUR ENVIRONMENT - 100 DETAILED Q&A PART 1: ECOSYSTEM & COMPONENTS (Q1-25) 1. What is an ecosystem? A: An ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of the biosphere consisting of living organisms (biotic components) and their physical environment (abiotic components), interacting and exchanging materials between them. 2. What are the two main components of an ecosystem? A: Biotic components (living organisms) and Abiotic components (non-living physical factors). 3. List the abiotic components of an ecosystem. A: Soil, water, air, sunlight, temperature, minerals, and humidity. 4. What are biotic components? Give examples. A: Biotic components are living organisms in an ecosystem. Examples: plants, animals, microorganisms. 5. Classify biotic components into different categories. A: Producers, consumers, and decomposers. 6. What are producers? Give examples. A: Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis. Examples: green plants, algae, cyanobacteria. 7. What are consumers? A: Organisms that cannot make their own food and depend on producers or other consumers for food. 8. Classify consumers based on their food habits. A: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and parasites. 9. What are herbivores? Give examples. A: Animals that eat only plants. Examples: deer, rabbit, cow, goat. 10. What are carnivores? Give examples. A: Animals that eat other animals. Examples: lion, tiger, snake, eagle. 11. What are omnivores? Give examples. A: Animals that eat both plants and animals. Examples: human, bear, crow, cockroach. 12. What are decomposers? Give examples. A: Microorganisms that break down dead organic matter into simpler substances. Examples: bacteria, fungi. 13. Why are decomposers important in an ecosystem? A: They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter, making them available to plants again. 14. What is a food chain? A: A linear sequence of organisms where each organism is eaten by the next member in the chain, showing the transfer of food energy. 15. Give an example of a food chain. A: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk 16. What is a food web? A: A network of interconnected food chains showing complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem. 17. Differentiate between food chain and food web. A: Food chain is a single linear pathway, while food web consists of multiple interconnected food chains. 18. What are trophic levels? A: The specific position an organism occupies in a food chain. 19. Name the different trophic levels. A: First trophic level - Producers; Second - Primary consumers; Third - Secondary consumers; Fourth - Tertiary consumers. 20. In the food chain: Grass → Deer → Lion, identify trophic levels. A: Grass - Producer (1st level); Deer - Primary consumer (2nd level); Lion - Secondary consumer (3rd level). 21. What is the 10% law of energy transfer? A: Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next; 90% is lost as heat during metabolic activities. 22. Why are food chains usually limited to 3-4 trophic levels? A: Due to the 10% energy transfer law, very little energy remains after 3-4 levels to support higher trophic levels. 23. What is biomass? A: The total mass of living organisms at a trophic level in a given area. 24. What is an ecological pyramid? A: A graphical representation showing the relationship between different trophic levels. 25. Name the three types of ecological pyramids. A: Pyramid of numbers, Pyramid of biomass, and Pyramid of energy. PART 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS & WASTE MANAGEMENT (Q26-50) 26. What are biodegradable substances? Give examples. A: Substances that can be broken down by microorganisms. Examples: paper, vegetable peels, cotton cloth, wood. 27. What are non-biodegradable substances? Give examples. A: Substances that cannot be broken down by microorganisms. Examples: plastic, glass, metals, DDT. 28. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. A: Biodegradable wastes decompose naturally, while non-biodegradable wastes persist in the environment for long periods. 29. Why are non-biodegradable substances harmful? A: They accumulate in the environment, cause pollution, and can enter food chains causing health problems. 30. What is the problem of plastic waste? A: Plastics don't decompose, clog drains, cause soil pollution, and can be eaten by animals causing death. 31. What is biomagnification? A: The increase in concentration of harmful non-biodegradable substances at higher trophic levels in a food chain. 32. Explain biomagnification with an example. A: Pesticides like DDT sprayed on crops enter water bodies → absorbed by phytoplankton → eaten by small fish → eaten by large fish → eaten by birds/humans. DDT concentration increases at each level.