Osteochondroma/ Exostosis - Benign bone pathology! on x-ray MRI and CT scan! скачать в хорошем качестве

Osteochondroma/ Exostosis - Benign bone pathology! on x-ray MRI and CT scan!

Radiographic features Plain radiograph An osteochondroma can be either sessile or pedunculated and is seen in the metaphyseal region typically projecting away from the epiphysis. There is often associated broadening of the metaphysis from which it arises. The cartilage cap is variable in appearance. It may be thin and difficult to identify, or thick with rings and arcs calcification and irregular subchondral bone.  New cortical irregularity or continued growth after skeletal maturity has been reached, as well as frankly aggressive features (e.g. bony destruction, large soft tissue component, metastases) are all worrying for malignant transformation.  CT CT demonstrates the same findings as on radiograph but is better able to demonstrate medullary continuity and the cartilage cap.  Ultrasound Ultrasound is able to demonstrate the cartilage cap very accurately as a hypoechoic region bounded by bone on its deep surface and muscle/fat superficially. MRI MRI is the best imaging modality to assess cartilage thickness (and thus assessing for malignant transformation), the presence of oedema in bone or adjacent soft tissues, and visualising neurovascular structures in the vicinity. The cartilage cap of osteochondromas appears the same as cartilage elsewhere, with intermediate to low signal on T1 and high signal on T2 weighted images.  A cartilage cap of over 1.5 cm in thickness after skeletal maturity is suspicious for malignant degeneration, while the cartilage cap maybe seen up to 3 cm in thickness in young patients .  With intravenous gadolinium administration, enhancement of benign lesions is normally seen in the tissue that covers the cartilaginous cap which is fibrovascular in nature, however, the cartilaginous cap itself should not enhance.  #radiology #case #learning #radio #ctscan #doctor #mri #life #interesting #bones #benign #pathology #exostosis #osteochondroma #xray #mri #ctscan #ortho