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Steve Ramirez, Ph.D.

Steve Ramirez, Ph.D. Harvard Junior Fellow Researcher, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department Biography Harvard Junior Fellow and researcher in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Brain and Cognitive Sciences department. Dr. Ramirez’s work focuses on finding where single memories are located throughout the brain, genetically tricking the brain cells that house these memories to respond to brief pulses of light, and then using these same flickers of light to reactivate, erase, or create new memories. The goals of his research are twofold: to figure out how the brain gives rise to the seemingly ephemeral process of memory, and to artificially manipulate memories in a therapeutic manner in the context of psychiatric disorders. Dr. Ramirez earned his Ph.D. in neuroscience in the laboratory of Susumu Tonegawa at MIT. ABSTRACT Illuminating the mental memoriam Steve Ramirez, Ph.D. Memories thread and unify our overall sense of being. With the accumulation of our knowledge about how memories are formed, consolidated, retrieved, and updated, neuroscience has reached a point where brain cells active during discrete mnemonic processes can be identified and manipulated with behaviorally relevant outputs at rapid timescales. Here, I present our recent advances in memory research that combine transgenic and ontogenetic approaches to reveal the underlying neuronal substrates sufficient for activating memory-related processes. Conclusions from our studies are threefold: (1) we provide evidence demonstrating that learning- and recall-related neural changes can be isolated at the level of single cells and tagged for subsequent manipulation; (2) hippocampus cells are sufficient to elicit the cellular and behavioral expression of memory recall, as well as sufficient to modify existing memories; and (3) ontogenetically activated hippocampus cells can be leveraged to acutely and chronically suppress psychiatric disease-related maladaptive states.