Prime Minister of Russia Yevgeny Primakov Life Biography скачать в хорошем качестве

Prime Minister of Russia Yevgeny Primakov Life Biography

The failed August 1991 coup against Gorbachev marked a turning point. Primakov was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the KGB and Director of its First Chief Directorate (foreign intelligence). Following the USSR's dissolution in December 1991, he oversaw the transformation of this unit into Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), becoming its first director on December 26, 1991. He held this post until January 9, 1996, preserving much of the KGB's structure with minimal reforms during a chaotic transitional period. Foreign Minister and the "Primakov Doctrine" On January 9, 1996, Primakov was named Minister of Foreign Affairs by President Boris Yeltsin, succeeding Andrei Kozyrev. He served until September 11, 1998, becoming a staunch defender of Russian national interests in a post-Cold War world. A vocal opponent of NATO's eastward expansion, Primakov nonetheless signed the NATO-Russia Founding Act in 1997 to foster limited cooperation. His tenure emphasized multilateralism and a multipolar world order. He championed the "Primakov Doctrine," proposing a strategic triangle alliance among Russia, India, and China (later evolving into the RIC framework and influencing BRICS) to counterbalance U.S. dominance. During the Yugoslav Wars, Primakov supported Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević, criticizing NATO's interventions as violations of sovereignty. In 1992, he controversially admitted that the KGB had fabricated and propagated the disinformation campaign claiming the U.S. created AIDS as a biological weapon. A defining moment came in 1998 when Primakov attempted to mediate in Iraq again, but his most famous diplomatic gesture was "Primakov's U-turn" on March 24, 1999. En route to Washington, D.C., for talks, he ordered his plane to loop back over the Atlantic upon learning of NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia—symbolizing Russia's rejection of Western unilateralism. Prime Minister of Russia Amid Russia's 1998 financial crisis—triggered by a ruble devaluation and default—Primakov was appointed Prime Minister on September 11, 1998, after Yeltsin's attempt to reinstate Viktor Chernomyrdin was blocked by the Duma. He served until May 12, 1999, forming a broad coalition government that included communists and reformers. As premier, Primakov focused on economic stabilization. He implemented successful tax reforms, reduced corruption in state enterprises, and negotiated foreign aid from the IMF and G7 nations. His government avoided radical privatization, prioritizing social welfare and industrial recovery. However, tensions with the West escalated due to his pro-Yugoslav stance and reluctance to align fully with U.S. policies. Domestically, his popularity soared, with polls showing him as a leading presidential contender. Yeltsin dismissed him abruptly on May 12, 1999, amid impeachment proceedings in the Duma. Many analysts believe Yeltsin feared Primakov's rising influence and his ties to opposition forces, including the Communist Party, which Primakov refused to purge from his cabinet. Primakov later ran for president in 2000 but withdrew to support other candidates.