Arabic Grammar | Lecture No 50 | | Ataf Bil Harf (العطف بالحرف) скачать в хорошем качестве

Arabic Grammar | Lecture No 50 | | Ataf Bil Harf (العطف بالحرف)

Arabic Grammar | Lecture No 50 | | Ataf Bil Harf (العطف بالحرف) #arabicgrammer #ijrail #nahw The Arabic grammatical concept "Ataf bil Harf" (العطف بالحرف) refers to coordination using a particle ( حرف عطف ). It's a key part of Arabic syntax used to connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence. 📚 Description of "Aṭf bil-Ḥarf" (العطف بالحرف): Definition: Aṭf bil-Ḥarf is a grammatical construction in Arabic where one element (the ma‘ṭūf) is connected to another (the ma‘ṭūf ‘alayh) using a coordinating particle (ḥarf ‘aṭf). Both elements must share the same grammatical case (i‘rāb). 🔗 Components: المعطوف عليه (Ma‘ṭūf ‘alayh): The first word or phrase — the one being followed or joined to. حرف العطف (Ḥarf al-‘Aṭf): The coordinating particle (e.g., وَ، فَ، ثُمَّ، أَوْ، أَمْ، بَلْ، لا، لَكِنْ). المعطوف (Ma‘ṭūf): The word or phrase that is being connected to the first. 🧩 Common Ḥurūf al-‘Aṭf (حروف العطف): حرف العطف Usage Meaning وَ Simple coordination "and" فَ Sequential, quick succession "so, then" ثُمَّ Sequential, slower succession "then" أَوْ Choice / option "or" أَمْ Interrogative or alternative "or (in a question)" بَلْ Correction or contrast "rather" لا Negation in coordination "not" لَكِنْ Exception/contrast "but" 🧠 Key Rules: Both ma‘ṭūf and ma‘ṭūf ‘alayh must be in the same grammatical case (nominative, accusative, genitive). The meaning of the sentence depends on the specific ḥarf ‘aṭf used. Atf is not limited to nouns — it can also apply to verbs, sentences, or full clauses. 📝 Example Sentences: وَ — Coordination: جاء خالدٌ و زيدٌ. (Khalid and Zayd came.) فَ — Quick consequence: خرجتُ فرأيتُ السيارة. (I went out, and immediately saw the car.) ثُمَّ — Slower sequence: أكلتُ ثم نمتُ. (I ate, then I slept.) أَوْ — Choice: تشرب ماءً أو عصيراً؟ (Do you drink water or juice?) بَلْ — Contrast: ما جاء زيدٌ بل خالدٌ. (Zayd did not come, rather Khalid did.)