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Pakistan submarine: At present The current Pakistani submarine fleet consists of two Agosta-70 diesel-electric vessels with MESMA liquid Oxygen AIP bought from France and commissioned in 1979–1980, and three Agosta-90B diesel-electric vessels purchased in 1994. Three Agosta 90B subs have been undergoing a mid-life upgrade under a contract signed in 2016 with the Turkish STM Company as the prime contractor. STM delivered the first upgraded submarine, PNS Hamza, in 2020 and the upgrade on remaining two submarines is on-going. The modernization includes an Integrated Underwater Command and Control System (IUCCS &C2IS), a Weapon Control System (WCS), Sonar Systems, Periscopes (Attack and Search), an Electronic Warfare, Radar and Ship Data Distribution System, a STMDENGİZ Electronic Chart Display and Information System, Converters, a Steering System and a Chilled Water System. The PNS Hurmat, one of the two Agosta 70 type submarine, has a dodgy starboard engine as well as problems with its ESM or Electronic Warfare Support Measures system, making it virtually blind and non-operational. In summary, Pakistan has only two submarines operational at present that includes one Agosta-70 class and one Agosta-90B class submarine Pakistan Submarine: Future However, once the Turkish firm complete the upgrade of 2 other Agosta-90B submarines, Pakistan will have 4 submarines in operation. Even if we consider that one operational Agosta-70 which is under operation may retire in coming future because of lack of support from Pakistan, it will still have 3 operational submarines with AIP. 8 New Chinese Submarines for Pakistan To overcome the aging fleet of Submarines, Pakistan has signed an ambitious deal in 2016 with China for buying eight Hangor-class sub, a derivative of China’s Type 39A Yuan-class diesel electric attack submarines. It is reported that China will build four of the submarines at Karachi Shipyard, and it will transfer submarine construction technology to Pakistan. These submarines will include the air-independent propulsion system featuring closed-cycle Stirling engines. The first four submarines are expected to be completed by 2023 and remaining four by 2028 at an estimated cost of up to $5 billion. Recently, Germany has denied the supply of MTU396 engines to China which has impacted the deliveries of the submarines to Pakistan. China does have indigenous engine to power these submarines but its reported to be more noisy than German counterpart. Anyways, by 2028 Pakistan will have total 11 submarines with AIP. 3 Agosta 90B submarines with MESMA AIP and 8 Hangor class submarine with sterling AIP. 11 Submarines to counter Indian Navy is good number for Pakistan and gives them an upper edge. We are not going to discuss about the qualities and capabilities of these submarines because in war the numerical superiority matters even with slightly inferior weapon. Indian Navy at present Now, let’s discuss about Indian Navy’s present submarine strength and in this discussion, we will not consider the SSBNs or Ballistic Missile submarines as they are strategic assets, mostly hidden and used as a second-strike capability in case of Nuclear Attack. Indian navy is currently operating 16 conventional submarines which includes 4 Type 209 class, 8 Kilo class & 4 Scorpene class diesel attack submarine. In next 2 years, Indian Navy will induct the remaining 2 scorpene class submarine which are undergoing sea trials which means Navy will have total 18 diesel attack submarines by the year 2024. India has already signed a $3 billion deal with Russia for leasing an Akula-class SSN to be known as Chakra III which will be delivered to India sometime around 2025 which will take the total count of submarines to 19. ==========WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN============= Most of the pictures clip or BGM included in the Video Belongs to their Respected Owners and we do not claim rights. We are using them under following act: =================DISCLAIMER======================= UNDER SECTION 107 OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT 1976, ALLOWANCE IS MADE FOR "FAIR USE" FOR PURPOSES SUCH AS CRITICISM, COMMENT, NEWS REPORTING, TEACHING, SCHOLARSHIP, AND RESEARCH. FAIR USE IS A USE PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT STATUTE THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE BE INFRINGING. NON-PROFIT, EDUCATIONAL OR PERSONAL USE TIPS THE BALANCE IN FAVOR OF FAIR USE. Follow us on social media: / analysisdefense https://indiandefenseanalysisofficial... / indian-defense-analysis-115230683684126 ==============THANKS FOR WATCHING!================ PLEASE LIKE SHARE & SUBSCRIBE: "INDIAN DEFENSE ANALYSIS" Music: Eternal Garden - Dan Henig