Rock Elm Axe Handles: Making, using, "wrong" grain orientation, and history. скачать в хорошем качестве

Rock Elm Axe Handles: Making, using, "wrong" grain orientation, and history.

Featuring a mighty 5lb felling axe, an old Jersey, and an English Hudson Bay axe by Elwell. (edit, the big 5lb axe is unknown but someone found a very similar 6lb axe that had a faint stamp of Cornelius Whitehouse and Sons Ltd (Cannock, England) and posted it to the Axe Junkies page on FB   / 7142500962455076  ) I salvaged some Rock Elm ( Ulmus thomasii ), rived some handles, and experimented going against the grain on grain orientation. I tested out the handles with some felling and bucking and talk about some Rock elm history and biology. 00:00 New axe project! 01:12 Salvaging Rock Elm lumber 03:38 Grain orientation terminology diagram 04:20 Riving billets (cont'd) 06:11 Felling axe handle plan and the merits of different grain orientations 08:51 Rough carving the outline (+Hudson Bay at work) 13:03 New handle for the Jersey 14:39 Finished axes (and adze and mallet) 17:42 White Elm felling plan 19:58 Chopping the face cut and reading book excerpts 26:40 Back cut and more excerpts 38:55 Felling debrief 39:43 Bucking test head-to-head: vertical vs. horizontal grain 45:56 Bucking test debrief I didn't mention it in the video but the Trees Canadensis website ( treescanadensis.ca ) by Owen Clarkin is a good reference for elms and other trees. After I uploaded this video, I found out that Owen gave a presentation    • Elms of Eastern Canada and the Northeaster...   that was recently posted to the Ontario Woodlot Association YouTube channel ‪@ontariowoodlot‬; it's got a lot of interesting information. I also made a video about identifying different Elm species:    • Identifying Elms in Northeastern North Ame...   With respect to growth ring orientation, ‪@MrChickadee‬ has a very nice video hand-riving some hickory handles with the growth rings perpendicular/horizontal across the eye    • From tree to handles: hand tool only felli...   (This guy also agrees that horizontal grain has better shock absorbing flex:    • Grain orientation  ) Other sources (Roughly in order mentioned) USGS. 1991. Digital representation of "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr. https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/i... But easier to get via Wikimedia commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ul... University of Guelph Arboretum. 2021. Ontario Tree Atlas Project: A participatory science survey of Ontario’s tree species (1994 - 2006) ‪@eastcoastlumberjack‬'s series of videos on handle strength and grain orientation:    • ECL Handle Strength   Don't see author listed. 1865. The Art of Chopping. The Canada Farmer. Vol 2. No. 5. 1865-03-01 Dudley Cook. 1999. The Ax Book : The Lore and Science of the Woodcutter (Originally published: Keeping warm with an ax. New York : Universe Books, 1981) Roy Underhill. 1981. The Woodwright's Shop: A Practical Guide To Traditional Woodcraft My video about making a Rock Elm adze handle    • Refurbishing a 100 year old carpenter's ad...   Catharine Parr Traill. 1836. The Backwoods of Canada Aeneas McCharles. 1908 Bemocked of Destiny: The Actual Struggles and Experiences of a Canadian Pioneer and the Recollections of a Lifetime Huron Signal. Goderich, Ontario. 1881-04-15 Julia Ellen Rogers. 1917. Canadian Trees Worth Knowing Harold F. Sholz. 1957. The Silvical Charactersitics of Rock Elm (Ulmus thomasii). Station Paper No. 47. US Forest Service. Donald Peattie. 1950. A Natural History of Trees of Eastern North America Clarence M. Weed. 1946. Our Trees: How to Know Them (5th edition) Crow, T.R. Rock Elm Ulmus thomasii Sarg. In Burns, Russell M., and Barbara H. Honkala, tech. coords. 1990. Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc... John J. Stransky and Sylvia M. Bierschenk. Cedar Elm Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. In Burns, Russell M., and Barbara H. Honkala, tech. coords. 1990. Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc... Harriet L. Keeler. 1900. Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them Robert Bell. 1886. The Forests of Canada W.D. Brush. 1918. Utilization of Elm. USDA Bulletin No. 683