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PDD-NOS Vs. Autism Vs. Aspergers | Child Psychology

The difference between PDD, Autism & Aspergers explained. Pervasive development disorders or “PDD” is often used interchangeably with Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD. But are they the same? Doctors are usually divided about what PDD means, which creates a lot of confusion among laypersons. In this video, we talk about what PDD means and what parents of kids with PDD can do. PDD stands for pervasive developmental disorders. Loosely, five developmental disorders are clubbed together under the label PDD: 1. Autism 2. Asperger Syndrome 3. PDD Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS or all autism spectrum disorder) 4. Childhood disintegrative syndrome 5. Rhett Syndrome Doctors are divided about what exactly constitutes PDD. In many cases, the first four disorders are included under the ASD category. Rhett syndrome is rare, but some doctors even include that under ASD. PDD: What does it mean? Some parents have said that using the term PDD makes it challenging to get aid for children undergoing treatment. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM 5), which is considered the standard for classifying all mental disorders, has replaced PDD with “autism spectrum disorders”. This has been a controversial move because many parents of affected children and people who have been diagnosed earlier with autism have criticized this step. So what exactly is PDD? For the common man, it is not very easy to understand what is the technical definition for PDD. However, we can look at the disorders that are commonly grouped as PDD. Let us find out what they mean and what are the signs by which we can identify them. Autism Autism is a developmental disorder which is characterized by difficulty in developing communication and social skills. It is also marked by rigid, restrictive behaviours and repetitive actions. Children with autism also suffer from sensory issues- they may find certain lights, sounds, smells and crowded placed overwhelming; while being oblivious to physical pain or their name being called. Asperger Syndrome Asperger syndrome, too, is marked by difficulty in developing social and communication issues and repetitive behaviours. However, it is often regarded as “high functioning autism” because Asperger syndrome falls on the minor side of ASD, with the signs being less severe. PDD-NOS This is the umbrella term used to describe developmental issues that are characterized by “severe and pervasive impairments” with regards to communication, social and linguistic skills, repetitive behaviour and sensitivity- but which do not strictly meet the criteria for other PDD. It is often called “atypical autism”. Some symptoms may be milder, while some may be severe than what is regarded as the standard for autism. Childhood disintegrative disorder or CDD This is also called “Heller’s syndrome”. This is comparatively rare because it is marked by late onset of developmental delays; or sudden and severe reversals of communication, social and motor skills. This means that after a time of sustained development, there may be a sudden regression in which most skills learnt are lost. In some cases, children may even feel an episode of regression in real-time- and often say out loud that something is happening to them. In some cases, it may look like the affected child is reacting to hallucinations. Not much is known about what causes it. CDD shares some common signs with autism, and some psychiatrists regard it as “low functioning autism”. There is a fair amount of controversy surrounding how CDD should be treated. Rhett Syndrome Rhett Syndrome or RTT is a genetic disorder. It becomes apparent between 6-18 months in female children. While RTT is also marked by problems with body coordination, language and repetitive behaviour- but is also often associated with slower growth and smaller head size. Children affected may also experience seizures and sleeping problems. They may also have scoliosis- in which the spine develops a sideways curve. RTT is almost exclusive to girls. It is caused by a genetic mutation and is inherited from a parent. There is no cure for RTT- doctors may treat the symptoms like seizures with proper medication, or prescribe braces and walking aids. Those affected may require lifelong therapy and physiotherapy. How to treat PDD? No matter what the difference in medical opinion regarding the definition of PDD, all doctors agree that early intervention is the best way to treat PDD. The earlier the diagnosis happens, the earlier the child can receive the help he or she needs. With care and persistence, they can blossom and reach their full potential. RTT, on the other hand, may require additional interventions for those who develop scoliosis. Overall, children with PDD have poor body coordination and may need therapy accordingly.