Pathology of Neuroblastoma of Adrenal Gland скачать в хорошем качестве

Pathology of Neuroblastoma of Adrenal Gland

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor arising from neural crest cells, primarily affecting the adrenal medulla. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, with a peak incidence in infants and young children. Pathological Features Microscopic Appearance: Small round blue cells arranged in sheets or nests. Homer-Wright rosettes – Tumor cells surrounding a central neuropil. High mitotic-karyorrhectic index – Indicates aggressive behavior. Schwannian stroma – Presence correlates with better prognosis. Gross Features: Soft, grey-tan mass with areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, and calcification. Infiltrative growth into surrounding tissues. Molecular Pathogenesis N-MYC amplification – Associated with poor prognosis. Chromosome 1p deletion – Linked to aggressive tumor behavior. ALK mutations – Found in familial neuroblastoma cases. Clinical Implications Symptoms: Abdominal mass, weight loss, hypertension, and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Markers: Elevated catecholamine metabolites (VMA, HVA) in urine. Diagnosis: Imaging (MRI, CT, MIBG scan) and histopathology. Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. #Neuroblastoma