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August 17, 1959 (studio, Columbia CL 1355) Miles Davis, trumpet John Coltrane, tenor saxophone Julian “Cannonball” Adderley, alto saxophone Bill Evans, piano Paul Chambers, bass Jimmy Cobb, drums In the history of jazz music, the best-selling jazz album is “Kind of Blue” by Miles Davis. Davis is the most important jazz musician in the 20th century. “Kind of Blue; is the largest selling jazz album of all the time-released in 1959. “Miles helped bring about a new creative synthesis of modern and vernacular expressions that greatly changed our perceptions of what American music was and could be." Since the “Kind of Blue” album is not only an important resource to understand modal jazz and cool jazz, but also a great example to understand how jazz musicians communicate and play from improvisation. Davis made a great success because not only he was. The improvisation means that activity of creating or doing something without preparation, spontaneous activity reorganization. It is most important at the jazz music, so the ability of each musician from the band is most important. He used to recruit the best musicians in the decades. The sextet members bring a great kind of musical ability in the recording from the album to see deeper through one the song. When he recorded the song “So What” he did not give the music or score for the sextet. Because Davis trusted his members could make improvisation for every moment. He just brought the simple ideas and chord changes for the recording session. Cobb talked about the moment "Miles would tell us all little things to do and then have us work off his idea." He tried to open space and door for musicians to make a new style of music. It made success to open a new era for jazz music. First, In the “So What,” how the rhythm section communicates each other and build up music through the song. Second, it explains modal jazz to understand the new beginning of the cool jazz. Third, it shows the improvised solos and the shapes of solos lines. The song “So What” is the first song of the album. Length- 9:22 Style- Modal jazz Form- AABA (32-bar), 16-bar D Dorian, 8-bar Eb Dorian, 8-bar D Dorian It starts with a beautiful piano arrangement with bass playing in rubato( free in the presentation). After a short seven measures piano introduction, the famous bass melody line starting. The bass melody line seems like calling to other responses. After bass call the melody, piano response short chords on 3 and 4&. That is a great example of a simple but powerful introduction for the song. After them, drummer Cobb played a simple swing ride pattern with bass drum sound which gives much groove into the music. It is kind of step by step each instrument joining the music. It provides good fundamental rhythm and harmony for a soloist who comes after that. During Davis playing his trumpet solo piano gives harmonization, bass keep working pattern, and drums keep play swing. The rhythm section keeps playing nicely and intensely with a good groove to provide fundamentals of the song through the end. The rhythm section played not too much and not too little for the song. There is no way how cool this song without talking about modal jazz. Because of this song has simple chord changes, solo players can have more freedom and creativity. In the “C Key” of the song, the Dorian mode is going on the beginning of Davis solo “Modal jazz rarely adheres strictly to the classical modes (Dorian, Phrygian, etc.), but it creates their flavor, or in some cases that of other non-diatonic scales, such as those of Spanish or Indian music.” 4 The first 16 bars for Dm7 and next 8 bars for Ebm7, and another 8 bars for Dm7 again. It has II-V-I modal progression on the solos. The chord voicing does not need to be resolved to the home key. The piano comping provides direction the music form and rhythmic sense of to the music which based on the head section. The piano chord comping usually hit on &s. When Davis starts with a simple melody line, Cobb gives a big crash cymbal sound to support Davis trumpet solo. The Davis solo line is not busy and fancy, but it is enough to touch one’s emotional sense. The song “So What” from the best-selling album “Kind of Blue” in the jazz history. It is a great example of cool jazz, because of the great rhythm section in the band, Dorian chord changes give freedom for the soloist, and the sextet communication by improvisation. This song does not focus too much on one instrument or one solo part. It is more like well-organized and shaping music for listeners. It is spiritual and very emotional music by Miles Davis with his sextet. In the jazz history, it can be divided before the "Kind of Blue" and after the "Kind of Blue." Because each part of the instrument members was supported and communicate well with each other, it could make success great honor in jazz music history. R.I.P. Jimmy Cobb -by Taeyong Lee