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The Land of Etiquette in Ancient China, Zhou Dynasty｜China History

When talking about the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, we still have to start with King Wu of Zhou. King Wu was a powerful ruler who defeated the Shang dynasty and established the Zhou dynasty. He had a younger brother named Jidan who was granted a fief in Zhouyi, which is why he is also known as Duke Wen of Zhou. However, he is more commonly referred to as Duke Zhou to avoid confusion. The Zhou dynasty was the name of the central government, so the first character in the king's name would always be Zhou, such as King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou. However, Duke Zhou's fief was located in Zhouyi, and his name also started with the character Zhou. Duke Zhou was a remarkable figure in politics, military, philosophy, and education, and was considered to be number one in all these areas. Therefore, he was posthumously known as Duke Wen, which is a very prestigious title that is usually reserved for the emperor. His father was King Wen of Zhou, and he was Duke Wen of Zhou . The character "Wen" means having exceptional ability to manage the country, representing morality, and having the virtue of diligence and inquisitiveness. Hence, King Wen was the father, and Duke Wen was the son, and the latter was often referred to as Zhou Gong (Duke Zhou) by later generations.