Enzymes | part 2 and MCQ скачать в хорошем качестве

Enzymes | part 2 and MCQ

This lecture delivers a comprehensive, exam-oriented explanation of enzymes tailored for first-year undergraduate medical students. It systematically builds from fundamental biochemical principles to clinically relevant applications, following the exact structure required for medical curricula and assessments. The lecture covers: Definition, nature, and characteristics of enzymes, including ribozymes Enzyme structure (apoenzyme, holoenzyme, prosthetic groups) and multienzyme complexes Cofactors and coenzymes with vitamin and metal ion correlations Enzyme nomenclature and EC classification Detailed discussion of enzyme specificity Mechanisms of enzyme action: activation energy theory, enzyme–substrate complex, lock-and-key and induced-fit models Factors affecting enzyme activity (substrate, enzyme, pH, temperature, inhibitors, time) Enzyme kinetics: Km, Vmax, Michaelis–Menten concept Enzyme inhibition: competitive, non-competitive, irreversible (with classic biochemical and clinical examples) Allosteric enzymes, sigmoid kinetics, and feedback inhibition Enzyme regulation by covalent and non-covalent modification Clinical enzymology: isoenzymes (LDH, CK, ALP), plasma enzymes, and enzyme markers in myocardial infarction High-yield MCQs and revision-focused summaries The content is presented in a clear, structured, high-yield format, emphasizing conceptual understanding, kinetic interpretation, and direct clinical relevance—suitable for exam preparation, revision, and foundation building for pathology and internal medicine.