Beograd u Vodi - Veliko ratno ostrvo | Great War Island | Belgrade Wild Waterfront | Sava i Dunav скачать в хорошем качестве

Beograd u Vodi - Veliko ratno ostrvo | Great War Island | Belgrade Wild Waterfront | Sava i Dunav

Ogromna, misteriozna divljina toliko blizu centra grada. It is big, close to the city centre and, other than the beach - completely wild! Ostrvo je veliko, površine oko 211 hektara. Prvi pisani trag o ostrvu datira iz 1699. godine kada je opisano kao veliko šumovito, dok je najstariji likovni prikaz stariji, iz 1514. godine. Tokom istorije, više puta je menjalo naziv, a krajem 18. veka dobilo današnji. Od svog postanka, zbog značajnog strateškog položaja imalo je veliku ulogu u ratnim operacijama. Ovo ostrvo je bilo strateška tačka sa koje je Beograd napadan i branjen, otuda naziv Veliko ratno ostrvo. Danas se oko dve trećine ostrva koristi kao prirodni rezervat za 196 vrsta ptica, od kojih su mnoge ugrožene. Na severnom špicu nalazi se peščana plaža Lido, dok je ostatak ostrva zaštićen zakonom i njegova urbanizacija nije dozvoljena. Veliko i Malo Ratno ostrvo imaju, među očuvanim vlažnim staništima koja se nalaze u Beogradu najveću raznovrsnost u brojnosti životinjskih vrsta, posebno ptica i biljnih vrsta vezanih za močvarna staništa. Ostrvo predstavlja tačku najvećeg biodiverziteta na teritoriji Beograda, kada je reč o ornitofauni. ========================== Great War Island is not an old geographical feature. Based on the historical data and descriptions of the river battles on the Danube, it has been fully formed as an island in the 15th century. It appeared on the proper maps for the first time in the 1514-1528 map Tabula Hungariae by the cartographer Lázár Deák. Historian Kome chronicled the fall of Zemun to the Turks in 1521 and mentioned the island as the location where all of the imprisoned defenders of the city were interred, including their wives and children. In 1521, when Belgrade was under siege by Turkish forces, the majority of their attacks on the Belgrade fortress were launched from the island. Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi visited the region in the 1660s and mentioned the island. He wrote about the mosque on the island, named after a certain Ahmet Babalık. One of the earlier names for the island, Babalık Island, came from the name of the mosque. The first written record on the island from someone who visited it is from 1699 when an English travelling doctor described it as the "large, forested island". The name officially appeared after 1717, when Prince Eugene of Savoy used the island as an attack point in his re-conquest of Belgrade from the Turks. In 1741 a Constantinople convention was signed, which resulted in fixing the border between Austria and Turkey, concerning the islands in the Sava and Danube. By the convention, Turkey obtained the section of the island overlooking Belgrade, while Austria got the other part, in the direction of Zemun and Banat. In liberating Belgrade in 1806 the rebel army headed by Karađorđe also used the island for military purposes, as the Serbian artillery with 500 soldiers was bombing the Kalemegdan fortress from there. Turkish city plan from 1863 still used the name Babalık for the island. During the offensive in 1915 by Austria-Hungary against Belgrade, the island was used to launch their attacks. After 1918, a small colony of 20 destitute inhabitants of Zemun built stilt houses on the island which was then colloquially called "Sirotinjska Ada" (Poor man's Island). In this period the entire area of the island was cultivated, mostly corn and watermelons. On the lower tip of the island, a beach was arranged and named Dorćol Beach or Lapat Beach. Also, a sandbank facing Zemun was adapted into the beach, named Lido beach at least before 1931. The first urban plans for the island were drafted in 1923 when it was envisioned as an elite park area. Belgrade's first general urban plan, adopted in 1924, included a sports centre on the island, and the construction of the bridge to the mainland. In 1928, building company "Šumadija" proposed the construction of the cable car, which they called "air tram". The project was planned to connect Zemun to Kalemegdan on Belgrade Fortress, via Great War Island. The interval of the cabins was set at 2 minutes and the entire route was supposed to last 5 minutes. The project was never accomplished. When construction of New Belgrade began in 1948, the city government made a decision to completely destroy the island by using its sand and earth to cover the marshes of Syrmia, where a new city was to be built. However, the deposits of alluvial materials continually brought onto the island from the Danube completely prevented this from happening. Instead, the smaller Little War Island served this purpose and was nearly destroyed in the process. Though officially uninhabited, almost a dozen people live in small shacks in the island's interior. They are mostly retirees who move to the island during the warm season and maintain their vegetable gardens, while in the winter they return to Belgrade. Veliki Galijaš is a canal turned lake, one of the major physical features on the island.