Pharmacology of Oxymetazoline ; Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Effects скачать в хорошем качестве

Pharmacology of Oxymetazoline ; Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Effects

Oxymethazoline is a sympathomimetic agent used primarily as a nasal decongestant and for treating eye redness. Here are some key points about its pharmacology: Mechanism of Action Oxymetazoline acts as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. This reduces blood flow and helps relieve nasal congestion. It also has some activity on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Oxymetazoline is well absorbed when applied topically to the nasal mucosa or eyes. Onset of Action: The effects typically begin within 5 to 10 minutes. Duration of Action: The effects last for about 5 to 6 hours. Elimination Half-Life: The half-life is approximately 5 to 6 hours. Excretion: It is excreted primarily in the urine, with about 30% excreted unchanged and 10% in the feces. Indications Nasal Congestion: Used as a nasal spray to relieve nasal congestion due to colds, allergies, or sinusitis. Eye Redness: Used as eye drops to treat redness due to minor irritation. Rosacea: Available as a topical cream to treat persistent facial redness associated with rosacea in adults. Nosebleeds: Used to control minor nosebleeds by constricting blood vessels. Dosage Nasal Spray: Apply 2 to 3 sprays of 0.05% to 0.1% solution in each nostril every 6 to 8 hours, not more than 3 times in 24 hours1. Eye Drops: Apply 1 to 2 drops of 0.025% to 0.05% solution in each eye up to 4 times daily. Topical Cream: Apply a thin layer to the affected area twice daily. Side Effects Common: Dryness of the nose and throat, irritation, burning sensation, stinging, sneezing, and rebound congestion1. Serious: Hypertension, rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion), and cardiovascular effects. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to oxymethazoline or any of its components. Severe Hypertension: Avoid use in patients with severe high blood pressure. Glaucoma: Avoid use in patients with glaucoma. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Use with caution and only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Special Precautions Cardiovascular Diseases: Use with caution in patients with heart conditions. Diabetes: Use with caution in patients with diabetes. MAO Inhibitors: Avoid concurrent use with MAO inhibitors #Oxymethazoline