Bone Morphogenetic Protein BMP; group of growth factors play role in bone, cartilage formation скачать в хорошем качестве

Bone Morphogenetic Protein BMP; group of growth factors play role in bone, cartilage formation

🦴 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a fascinating group of growth factors that play a central role in bone and cartilage formation, as well as in embryonic development and tissue regeneration. 🔬 What Are BMPs? BMPs are part of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. First discovered by Marshall Urist in the 1960s, BMPs were found to induce ectopic bone formation—that is, bone growth in non-skeletal tissues. There are over 20 known BMPs, with BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 being the most studied for clinical use2. 🧠 Key Functions Function Description Osteoinduction Stimulates mesenchymal stem cells to become bone-forming osteoblasts Cartilage Development Promotes chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage matrix production Embryonic Patterning Guides development of limbs, neural tissue, and organs Wound Healing & Regeneration Enhances tissue repair and regeneration in bone and soft tissues Organogenesis Involved in kidney, heart, and CNS development 🧪 Clinical Applications Spinal Fusion: Recombinant BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) is FDA-approved for certain spinal surgeries. Fracture Healing: Used in non-union fractures and bone defects. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery: Helps regenerate bone in jaw reconstruction and dental implants. Kidney Repair: BMP-7 has shown promise in reversing chronic kidney damage in experimental models. ⚠️ Considerations & Risks Off-label Use: BMPs are often used beyond approved indications, which can lead to complications. Side Effects: May include excessive bone growth, inflammation, or soft tissue swelling—especially in cervical spine applications. Cost: Recombinant BMPs are expensive and require careful handling. 🧬 Fun Fact BMPs don’t just build bone—they also help pattern the embryo, determining front from back and guiding the formation of the neural plate, which becomes the brain and spinal cord #Protein