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King Louis XII of France

King Louis XII of France, portrait painting by workshop of Jean Perreal, c.1514, brought to life. LOUIS XII OF FRANCE (Ludwig XII, 27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515, aged 52) was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504, noted for his disastrous Italian wars and for his domestic popularity. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his 2nd cousin once removed and brother in law at the time, Charles VIII, who died without direct heirs in 1498. Before his accession to the throne of France, he was known as Louis of Orléans and was compelled to be married in 1476 to his disabled and supposedly sterile cousin Joan (Charles VIII sister) by his second cousin, King Louis XI (father of Joan and Charles VIII). By doing so, Louis XI hoped to extinguish the Orléans cadet branch of the House of Valois. Louis of Orléans was one of the great feudal lords who opposed the French monarchy in the conflict known as the Mad War. At the royal victory in the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier in 1488, Louis was captured, but Charles VIII pardoned him and incorporated him in his army. He subsequently took part in the Italian War of 1494–1498 as one of the French commanders. When Louis XII became king in 1498, he had his marriage with Joan annulled by Pope Alexander VI and instead married Anne of Brittany, the widow of his cousin Charles VIII, making Anne the only woman to have been queen consort of France twice. This marriage allowed Louis to reinforce the personal Union of Brittany and France.