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Types of hydrogen

Hydrogen is expected to play a key role in a future climate-neutral economy, enabling emission-free transport, heating and industrial processes as well as inter-seasonal energy storage. Clean hydrogen produced with renewable electricity is a zero-emission energy carrier, but is not yet as cost-competitive as hydrogen produced from natural gas. A number of studies show that an EU energy system having a significant proportion of hydrogen and renewable gases would be more cost-effective than one relying on extensive electrification. Depending on its production process and the resulting GHG emissions, hydrogen is commonly classified as follows (although this classification is somewhat simplified and not comprehensive): Clean hydrogen ('renewable hydrogen' or 'green hydrogen') is produced by electrolysis of water with renewable electricity, at a cost range of about €2.5-5.5/kg. No GHG is emitted during the process. Grey hydrogen is produced from natural gas by steam-methane reforming at a cost around €1.5/kg, depending on the price of gas and carbon emissions. This production process results in emissions of about 9.3 kg CO2 per kg of hydrogen. Blue hydrogen uses the same production processes as grey hydrogen, but the CO2 is captured and stored permanently. Its production costs around €2/kg, making it more expensive than grey hydrogen but cheaper than green hydrogen. Where CO2 storage capacity is available, existing hydrogen production facilities could be converted to blue hydrogen, thus reducing investment costs. Turquoise hydrogen is produced by pyrolysis of natural gas, with pure carbon as a side product that can be sold on the market. It is still at an early stage of development but has the potential to become a cost-efficient process. The Commission's EU Hydrogen strategy characterises low-carbon hydrogen as encompassing blue hydrogen and electricity-based hydrogen with significantly reduced full life-cycle GHG emissions compared to existing hydrogen production 📘 Read more about hydrogen in our publications: EU Hydrogen Policy: Hydrogen As An Energy Carrier For A Climate-Neutral Economy: https://epthinktank.eu/2021/02/19/hyd... The potential of hydrogen for decarbonising steel production: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinkta... 🎧 Listen to our podcast on What if hydrogen could help decarbonise transport? [Science and Technology Podcast]:    • What if hydrogen could help decarbonise tr...   Decarbonising maritime transport: The EU perspective [Policy Podcast]:    • Decarbonising maritime transport: The EU p...   00:00 Use of hydrogen 00:38 Green hydrogen 00:57 Grey hydrogen 01:27 Blue hydrogen 01:53 Turquoise hydrogen 02:40 European Parliament and hydrogen