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Chromosomes and Karyotypes

Explore chromosomes and karyotypes with the Amoeba Sisters! This video explains chromosome structure, how chromosomes are counted, why chromosomes are important, and how they can be arranged in a karyotype! This video also tackles a few misconceptions about how chromosomes. Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 1:15 What makes up a chromosome? 2:18 Understanding replicated vs. unreplicated chromosome 3:28 Introducing a Karyotype 4:01 Potential Misconception with Karyotype 5:28 XX and XY Chromosomes As we mention in our video about Punnett squares with sex-linked traits, we want to add this here too: there is more detail to sex determination than just sex chromosomes and more combinations possible than XX and XY combinations. We have some further reading links you can check out linked in the other video and we also want to paste in some of the examples from that description here: XXY: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disord... XYY: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/cond... X: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disord... Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene... Vocabulary includes chromosome, centromere, sister chromatids, chromatin, nucleosome, haploid, diploid, homologous chromosomes, gametes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes! Reference: OpenStax, Biology. OpenStax CNX. Mar 21, 2018 http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e.... Special thanks to Dr. Brian Davis for his expertise in verifying that a typical karyotype would show 2 chromatids per chromosome. (This has been a misconception we've seen in the classroom from many diagrams) A real life karyotype from NIH (in public domain) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... can be excellent for viewing alongside this video. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Biology Video Playlist:    • Amoeba Sisters Biology Learning Playlist   The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/... ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-... MUSIC: Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/... COMMUNITY: We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments. TRANSLATIONS: Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal While we don't allow dubbing of our videos, we do gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-... We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.