Jeremy Cusack - Measuring the intensity of conflicts in conservation скачать в хорошем качестве

Jeremy Cusack - Measuring the intensity of conflicts in conservation

Measuring the intensity of conflicts in conservation Efforts to conserve biodiversity globally are increasingly at odds with the needs and interests of other human activities, leading to widespread conservation conflicts. A major challenge in addressing these conflicts is that every case appears unique, a characteristic that has hindered the development of common approaches to measuring conflict intensity. Here, we develop a novel categorisation of conservation conflict intensity based on the curve of conflict, a model originally used to track the escalation and de-escalation of armed conflicts. We use the conservation conflict curve to assign intensity levels reflecting the discourse and actions of stakeholders involved in a given conflict, from coexistence to open physical violence. Using a range of case studies, we illustrate how our framework can be used to assign intensity levels to conflicts that differ in their spatial and temporal scales, and in their focus (e.g. species versus protected area management). In particular, we reveal a general tendency towards increased intensity as conflicts persist, with interactions involving multiple stakeholders and open physical violence becoming more likely over time. Our framework provides a simple and standardised method to track the development of conservation conflicts and assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.