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What was Canaan?

What was “Canaan,” and did it really exist as more than a name in ancient texts? Today we explore the shifting meaning of Canaan across the Bronze and Iron Ages, drawing on sources from Mari, Alalakh, Ugarit, Egypt, the Amarna letters, and the Hebrew Bible. We examine how ancient scribes, others may have used the term, and whether anyone in the ancient world ever thought of themselves as truly “Canaanite.” From Egyptians expanding the label to fit their empire, to biblical writers using it as a geographic and ideological term, “Canaan” was never fixed. Like modern terms such as “Syria-Palestine,” “southern Levant,” or “Near East,” it carried political and cultural baggage but is it better to use the term "Canaan" for this stretch of land and not one of the terms favored by modern academia? Music: Epidemic Sound Some Sources: Killebrew, Ann E. Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity : An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, ... And Early Israel (Ca. 1300-1100 Bce). Soc Biblical Literature, 2014. Niels Peter Lemche. The Canaanites and Their Land. Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 Mar. 1991. Niels Peter Lemche. “Where Should We Look for Canaan? A Reply to Nadav Na’Aman.” Ugarit-Forschungen, no. 28, 1 Jan. 1996, pp. 767–774. Oded Tammuz. “Canaan -- a Land without Limits.” Ugarit-Forschungen, no. 33, 1 Jan. 2001, pp. 501–544. Rainey, Anson F. “Who Is a Canaanite? A Review of the Textual Evidence.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 304, 1 Nov. 1996, pp. 1–15, https://doi.org/10.2307/1357437. Hasel, Michael G. “Pa-Canaan in the Egyptian New Kingdom: Canaan or Gaza?” Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections, vol. 1, no. 1, 27 Aug. 2010, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_jaei_v01i.... Nadav Na’aman. “The Canaanites and Their Land A Rejoinder” Ugarit-Forschungen, no. 26, 1994, 397-418. Luigi Turri, "The Rediscovery of Amioun, Ancient Ammiya. Geography and Politics in Northern Lebanon during the Second Millennium," Vol. 49 No. 49 (2021): Rivista di Studi Fenici XLIX - 2021 00:00 What to call this land? 01:11 The terms already in use 04:48 Canaan as a term 05:22 What the word means 05:51 Mari 07:27 Alalakh 09:51 Ugarit 11:17 Hittites 12:07 Egypt 12:57 Amarna Letters 16:11 Pa-Canaan - Gaza or more? 18:13 The Hebrew Bible 19:52 Canaan through time 21:25 Lemche and his critics 23:19 Canaan as a cultural category 24:02 Is Canaan a better term for us?