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Forgotten Neighbors of Ugarit

The Late Bronze Age world is remembered for its empires — Egypt, the Hittites, and Babylon — but it was also shaped by smaller kingdoms that balanced, bargained, and sometimes outlasted them. Along the Syrian coast, between Ugarit and the Hittite sphere, these lesser-known states played a vital role in the politics and economy of the ancient Near East. As primate examples we explore the histories of Siyannu and Ushnatu, two cities that reveal how small kingdoms navigated a world ruled by giants. Their names may be nearly forgotten, but their endurance challenges how we think about power, collapse, and survival in the Late Bronze Age. If you're interested in downloading some of the maps from this video you can find selections of them here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folder... Please note the licensing agreement if you choose to download any maps. TLDR: We hope you enjoy these maps we've generated. We encourage you to share them and use them for personal and educational use but only ask that you give us credit if you do. Some Sources: Michael Astour, “The Kingdom of Siyannu-Ushnatu,” UF 11, 1979: 13-28. Wilfred van Soldt, The Topography of the City-State of Ugarit. Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Band 324. Munster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2005. Hayim Tadmor, et al. Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III (744-727 BC) and Shalmaneser v (726-722 BC), Kings of Assyria. Winona Lake Eisenbrauns [Ann Arbor, Michigan] [Proquest, 2014. Turri, Luigi. “Geopolitics of the Orontes Valley in the Late Bronze Age.” West & East Monografie, vol. 2, no. 2, 1 Jan. 2020, pp. 281–301. Accessed 8 Aug. 2025. Itamar Singer, “A Political History of Ugarit,” n Handbook of Ugaritic Studies. eds. Watson, Wilfred G E, and N Wyatt. Boston, Brill, 1999. Francesco Perono Cacciafoco, and Francesco Cavallaro. Place Names. Cambridge University Press, 2023. Wilfred van Soldt, “Studies in the Topography of Ugarit (2). The borders of Ugarit,” UF 29, 1997: 683-704. Wilfred van Soldt, “Studies in the Topography of Ugarit (3). Groups of towns and their locationst,” UF 30, 1998: 703-744. Palomino, Jordi Vidal. “Beirut and Ugarit in the 13th Century BCE.” Studi Micenei Ed Egeo-Anatolici, vol. 47, no. 1, 1 Jan. 2005, pp. 291–298. Nunn, Astrid. “J. Bretschneider, K. Van Lerberghe (Eds.). In Search of Gibala. An Archaeological and Historical Study Based on Eight Seasons of Excavations at Tell Tweini (Syria) in the a and c Fields (1999-2007).” Abstracta Iranica, vol. Volume 34-35-36, 2016 Claude, et al. Ugaritica v, Nouveaux Textes Accadiens, Hourrites et Ugaritiques Des Archives et Bibliothèques Privées d’Ugarit : Commentaires Des Textes Historiques, Première Partie. Paris, Geuthner, 1968. Michel Al-Maqdissi ,“Tell Sianu,” in A History of Syria in One Hundred Sites. ed. by Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki. Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology, 2016: 181-183. Wilfred van Soldt, “PRU 6 no. 78 (RS 19.41): Towns in the land of Siyannu or in the land of Ugarit?,” in "Und Mose schrieb dieses Lied auf": Studien zum Alten Testament und zum alten Orient : Festschrift für Oswald Loretz zur Vollendung seines 70. ed. Oswald Loretz. Munster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1998: 777-784. Julius Lewy, “Studies in the Historic Geography of the Ancient Near East,” Orientalia, 1952, NOVA SERIES, Vol. 21 (1952): 1-12. Gregorio del Olmo Lete, “”The Marzeaḥ and the Ugaritic Magic Ritual System A Close Reading of KTU 1.114” Aula Orientalis 33/2 (2015) 221-241. Jordi Vidal, “Ugarit at War (5). The hrd-militia in Aru and Mulukku? (RS.94.5015, KTU 2.98),” UF 44, 2013: 355-361. Anson Rainey, “Notes on Historical Geography,” UF 30, 1998: 633-644. Beckman, Gary M, and Harry A Hoffner. Hittite Diplomatic Texts. Atlanta, Ga., Scholars Press, 1999. Lackenbacher, Sylvie. Textes Akkadiens D’Ugarit. Paris, LES ÉDITIONS DU CERF, 2002. Emile Puech, “Le vocable d’ Attart hurri - ‘strt hr à Ugarit et en Phénicie,” UF 25, 1993: 327-330. Music: Epidemic Sound 00:00 In the shadow of giants... 01:00 Historical Geography and Site Identification 02:18 Finding Siyannu and Usnatu 04:52 A Dual Kingdom 07:50 The Territory of the Kingdoms 14:38 Economic Warfare 21:42 After the Bronze Age 23:43 Consider Subscribing